我国行政审批制度改革的力场分析与突破策略

行政审批是政府对市场和社会资源进行配置的前置性管理手段。为了与社会主义市场经济体制相匹配,我国在行政审批改革中设立了减少审批项目、规范审批行为、实现制度创新和推进依法行政的改革目标。但根据力场分析理论,在行政审批制度改革过程中由于对相关主体利益的重新分配造成改革力场中存在驱动力和制约力。通过研究改革中决策者、执行者、受规制者和消费者的利益取向,可以获知驱动力和制约力的强弱,并推算出制度变迁的方向。为了使行政审批制度改革能够顺利推行,还需进一步分析制约力存在的方式并寻求相应的突破策略。     

Comment: Marrying Functional Differentiation and Institutional Economics: Reflections on Steffen Roth’s Article

The Luhmannian idea of functional differentiation offers a novel and radical systems-theoretic framework reinforcing the institutionalist vision of the embeddedness of the economic system in the societal and natural environment. Reflecting on Steffen Roth’s article, I formulate two complementary arguments. The first is that any self-organized complexity can be supported by the installation of a systemic boundary protecting it from the outer environment. The second is that this boundary prevents the complexity of the outer environment from being fully translatable into the intra-systemic complexity. Both arguments potentially inform the institutionalist analysis of the operational and moral problems of the economic function system.     

Design and planning for green global supply chains under periodic review replenishment policies

We quantify the impact of jointly optimizing strategic network design and tactical inventory planning on the cost and CO₂ emissions of multi-echelon logistics networks. The obtained insights indicate that longer optimized replenishment cycles reduce a node’s transportation cost and CO₂ emissions but increase its inventory costs. Moreover, under a fixed replenishment cycle, a node’s service level increases when supplied by a satellite warehouse. Finally: (i) the costs of implementing optimal green network design decisions could be misleading if inventory planning is neglected, (ii) greening of supply chains could become expensive, (iii) current legislative CO₂ ton prices hardly influence logistics networks.     

论税法中公平原则的时间效应--以房产税为例

税法中的公平分为短期公平和长期公平，以房产税法为例，满足短期公平未必不是对长期公平的扭曲。由于我国一直以来存在的土地制度、城镇住房结构以及地区发展不平衡等因素均能在时间效应上影响到房产税的长期公平，因此房产税改革是一个非常综合和复杂的事项，必须将多项因素纳入考虑的范围，以实现税法的长期公平。     

论英美法系国家的展示性证据

英美法系的展示性证据是一种有形证据,但不是一种实际存在的证据或事实,而是一种解说性证据,或者说律师用来提高举证说服力的证明方法。在法庭中使用展示性证据可以使自己的思想更容易被审理者理解和接受,尤其当涉及复杂的、技术性、科学性、数值性的案件。展示性证据包括图表、照片、摘要、模型、录像资料、事件的重建和演示等类型。展示性证据在开场陈述和结案陈词中都被律师广泛运用。     

基于组合评价法的混流生产系统运行绩效评价

在目前集装箱制造行业转型升级的背景下，以某集装箱制造公司的特箱生产系统为例，构建混流生产系统运行绩效的评价指标体系，运用组合评价法对运行绩效进行评价。借鉴平衡计分卡的分析思路，对特箱生产系统的生产管理给出了相关的决策建议。此研究成果对其他制造型混流生产系统具有实际的指导意义。     

基于可持续增长率的杜邦分析体系的研究

在经济全球化大环境下，企业具有更加多样化的会计信息，也就更需要能全面反映企业业绩的财务分析体系。多年来传统杜邦分析法虽因能系统、全面、直观地反映企业财务状况，提高对财务报表的分析效率，提升经营管理能力而得到企业的广泛应用，但它本身存在着诸多缺陷。针对其局限性，本文引入可持续增长率来改进传统的杜邦分析体系以更加符合现代企业的要求。     

Mapping changes in land use/land cover and prediction of future extension of bowé in Benin,West Africa

Desertification and land degradation are worldwide problems affecting soil, vegetation and the livelihoods of rural populations. Bowal (plural bowé) is a particular form of degraded land that occurs in tropical regions and leads to the exposure of ferricretes, which are unsuitable for farming. Bowé are more common on farmland and degraded savanna. Changes in land use/land cover were used to map a region of 6.7 million ha in northern Benin, West Africa in 1975, 1990 and 2010. The changes observed during these periods (1975–1990, 1990–2010 and 1975–2010) were used to predict the occurrence of bowé in the period up to 2050 using Markovian chain analysis. The results showed a considerable change in land use/land cover during the three periods. The types of land on which bowé occur (farmland and degraded savanna) increased in northern Benin by 5.4% per year during the period 1975–1990 and 9.5% per year during the periods 1990–2010, while the natural vegetation (forest, woodland and tree savanna) decreased by the same amount. The future scenarios also predicted the same trend. In the period 1975–1990, 1.28 million ha (26%) of natural vegetation was converted to degraded savanna and farmland while 2.23 million ha (53%) of natural vegetation was converted to degraded savanna and farmland in the period 1990–2010. Based on the dynamics recorded during the period 1975–1990 and 1990–2010 respectively, a total of 1.28 million ha (26% of the natural vegetation that was present in 1975) and 1.29 million ha (31% of the natural vegetation that was present in 1990) will be converted to farmland and degraded savanna in the study area by 2050.Thus bowalization will persist and increase in the period up to 2050. The natural vegetation could disappear if protection and restoration measures are not taken. It is thus important to take measures to stop the degradation and to implement programs to restore soils on bowé based on the soil and water conservation techniques used on highly degraded West African soils, such as zaï pit and stone rows with grass strips. Some native plants species adapted to bowalization and resistant to climate change in northern Benin (e.g. Asparagus africanus, Andropogon pseudapricus and Combretum nigricans) should be used in association with soil and water conservation techniques on bowé.     

我国商业银行体系脆弱性形成因素及应对策略

美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机迅速蔓延,并对世界经济体系和金融体系造成严重损害。我国商业银行体系脆弱性现况明显,本文从我国国有银行的现况进行分析,然后对其原因进行分析。介绍了因子分析的思想及方法,然后运用因子分析模型进行了数据分析。最后提出防范国有商业银行脆弱性的对策和建议。     

Mapping mountain diversity: Ethnic minorities and land use land cover change in Vietnam's borderlands

In the complex agro-ecological conditions of Vietnam's northern borderlands, attempts by ethnic minority farmers to create sustainable livelihoods, along with the impacts of state development policies, have direct consequences for land use and land cover (LULC) change. In this paper we analyse the degree to which LULC has changed and diversified from 1999 to 2009 in Lào Cai Province and the underlying relationships with ethnic minority livelihood diversification strategies. We examine the correlation between LULC diversity and various socioeconomic and biophysical proxies using a spatial autoregressive model. Our findings indicate two major changes in LULC: an increase in closed canopy forest and substantial urban growth. LULC diversity increased between 1999 and 2009, suggesting a transition between land uses and/or a diversification of livelihood strategies. Socioeconomic proxies are significant predictors of LULC diversity in both years, while biophysical proxies are only effective predictors in 2009. In-depth interviews regarding state-led policies and ethnic minority livelihoods reveal some of the underlying mechanisms of such LULC transitions and associations.