Communicative Language Testing of Speaking

Testing speaking ability offers plenty of scope for meeting the criteria for communicative testing.The article describes the model of CLA,analyzes basic factors involved in speaking competence,discusses what is a communicative language test of speaking,and suggests some factors that should be taken into consideration when designing a communicative language test of speaking.     

国外城市转型的趋势及经验借鉴

城市转型是城市发展道路及发展模式的重大变革。芝加哥、伦敦、新加坡等许多世界先进城市在自身发展的道路上都经历过城市转型的历程。本文概括了国外城市转型的四个基本趋势,即创建生态城市,打造智慧城市,建设文化城市,构建集约城市;简述了国外城市经济转型的三种主要模式,即以芝加哥为典型的产业多元化模式,以伦敦为代表的产业升级替代模式,以新加坡为典型的产业高端化模式;总结了国外在城市转型中的经验,以期对目前正处于经济转型期的我国城市提供一些有益的参考和借鉴。     

How to visualise the invisible: Revealing re-use of rural buildings by non-agricultural entrepreneurs in the region of Roeselare-Tielt (Belgium)

Peri-urban rural areas are undergoing profound change in many regions, including the northern region of Belgium, Flanders. One driving force is the gradual conversion from an agriculturally based economy to a much more diverse economic base. Re-use of rural buildings by nonagricultural entrepreneurs is a part of this economic diversification. This re-use is changing not only the rural economy but also the social structure and spatial and environmental quality. However, re-use of rural buildings is chronically and severely underestimated. In most cases these activities are prohibited by spatial legislation, which results in their exclusion from census data. Standard methods based on measuring land use change do not measure this transformation either, as these new activities do not necessarily lead to a change in land use.This paper presents a survey method for describing and quantifying this hidden re-use of rural buildings by non-agricultural entrepreneurs. Several datasets were combined in a GIS environment. This led to an inventory which was further refined by confirming the knowledge of local civil officers and local authorities. Field visits provided final confirmation of the data. A case study using this survey method gave profound quantitative insights in the re-use dynamic for the region of Roeselare-Tielt in the north western part of Belgium. In the rural areas of this region, 1015 addresses were detected housing a non-agricultural activity. Further information was gained about the type and the age of the detected activity and the type of building in which these activities are taking place. The most common activities are (building) contractors, trade or commercial companies, landscapers, transport and woodworking companies. Furthermore, 35% of all detected enterprises are located in (former) farm buildings.These results then formed the starting point for individual interviews and focus group discussions on the current policy on this non-agricultural dynamic. Studying the re-use dynamic in the rural areas of the north western part of Belgium (Flanders), provides further knowledge on the economic diversification of rural areas under high urbanisation pressure. The results also illustrate that the current policy lacks both data and efficiency. A clear discrepancy was found between the legal rules, spatial reality and the policy attitude towards the reported illegal non-agricultural economic dynamic. We call for increased awareness of the non-agricultural re-use of rural buildings, given the effect on future spatial planning.     

科技成果转化存在的问题与对策

作者从中国水产科学研究院改革十年中,尚有３０％成果没能推广应用,已推广应用成果中还有６０％未能形成规模生产的现实出发,分析了我国水产科技成果转化中存在的主要问题。珠江水产研究所鱼病室改革成功的实践提出了当前在水产科技成果转化中应采取的一些对策     

促进渔业科技成果转化的几点思考

作为以应用为主的渔业科技,科技成果转化率的高低直接决定了其在创新型国家建设中的地位以及对产业的推动能力。论文指出了我国渔业科技成果转化中存在的四方面主要问题,结合水产科研和科技成果转化实际,分三个方面对促进我国渔业科技成果转化提出了建议,包括：发挥各方在促进科技成果转化中的作用,拓宽融资渠道,加大财税支持以及加强人才队伍建设等。     

Drivers of perceived land tenure (in)security: Empirical evidence from Ghana

Tenure security is believed to be critical in spurring agricultural investment and productivity. Yet what improves or impedes tenure security is still poorly understood. Using household- and plot-level data from Ghana, this study analyses the main factors associated with farmers’ perceived tenure security. Individually, farmers perceive greater tenure security on plots acquired via inheritance than on land allocated by traditional authorities. Collectively, however, perceived tenure security lessens in communities with more active land markets and economic vibrancy. Plots held by migrant households and women in polygamous households are perceived as less tenure secure, while farmers with political connections are more confident about their tenure security.     

法学专业本科英汉双语教学问题初探

英汉双语教学在中国高等教育中处于探索阶段,本文通过对法学专业本科双语试点班的教学实践,就法学专业双语教学的目标界定以及在教学实践中出现的问题和对策进行了初步的探索研究。     

INSPECTING THE FOUNDATIONS OF LIBERALISM

Liberal justice is rooted in a system of conventions. They arise spontaneously as behavioural equilibria that bring mutual advantage to those adopting them. They protect life, limb, property and the pursuit of peaceful purposes, and require the fulfilment of reciprocal promises. Collective choice, where some impose choices on others who submit, violates liberal justice and reduces the set of freedoms. Liberalism and democracy are incompatible as organising principles and 'liberal democracy' is a contradiction in terms.     

高职高专院校《工程数学》拉普拉斯逆变换的几种解法

拉普拉斯变换是《工程数学》中的一个比较难于理解的知识点,尤其是拉普拉斯逆变换的求解。由于高职高专院校学生的接受能力较低,故作者总结了几种易于理解和运用的解法。     

浅谈220t/h锅炉低温段省煤器改造

本文介绍了中国华电集团哈尔滨发电有限公司(以下简称哈发公司)#2锅炉低温段省煤器改造方案的论证,以及改造过程中必须注意的技术要点,为同类型锅炉低温段省煤器改造提供了建议。