清末检察权权力性质初探

就检察权权力性质的理论学说来讲,学界一般有＂行政权说＂、＂司法权说＂、＂行政司法双重属性说＂以及＂法律监督说＂等多种学术观点。论者认为,检察权的内在属性内在的包含行政性、司法性和监督性三重属性,内在视觉无法区分和确定检察权权力属性的归属。检察权的权力属性只能从该国宪政层面对检察权权力配制的宏观维度来认知和把握,而这在以清末检察权权力性质的个案分析中得以证成。     

清末机制币发展历程探析

清朝末年,我国的铸币技术由传统的手工翻沙铸币向现代的机器压制工艺转变,机制币由此诞生。这是一个具有划时代意义的变革,对近代货币的发展有着深远的影响。分析清末机制币产生的时代背景、发展历程及文化特色对研究近代币制改革有着十分重要的意义。     

Objective measures as a predictor of late payments by high‐risk borrowers

Manufactured homes (also known outside the US as prefabricated homes) are a viable housing option for low‐income buyers, but traditional mortgages are not available for purchase of manufactured homes because of a perception of higher risk of default among purchasers of manufactured homes. Research suggests that creditscoring models which incorporate objective data such as income, debt‐to‐income ratio and credit history result in an accurate and objective predictive tool to estimate likelihood of late payments and default among traditional home buyers. This study showed that these same models can be applied similarly to purchasers of manufactured homes. A Tobit model was developed to evaluate which factors most accurately predict default and late payment behaviour among borrowers who purchased a manufactured home. The model showed that when decomposed into the probability of making a late payment and number of late payments, credit score and income are both significant predictors in both sets of borrowers of both the probability of making a late payment and the number of late payments. The higher the credit score, the less likely the borrower is to make a late payment.     

Ageing and consumption in Finland: The effect of age and life course stage on ecological,economical and self‐indulgent consumption among late middle‐agers and young adults between 1999 and 2014

Previous studies on ageing consumers have mainly focused on chronological age and generational values or studied ageing and consumption with cross‐sectional data. Few quantitative studies exist that examine the effect of age together with life course on consumption using longitudinal data. To bridge this gap, the article examines ageing and attitudes towards consumption in Finland, focusing particularly on late middle‐agers (46–60 year‐olds) in comparison with young adults (18–30 year‐olds) between 1999 and 2014. The article explores three consumption patterns based on attitudinal statements: ecological, economical and self‐indulgent consumption. Through analysis of a nationally representative survey study in Finland (N = 8,543), the article reveals that in all years under examination, late middle‐agers reported more ecological attitudes towards consumption than young adults. In 1999 and 2004, the attitudes of late middle‐agers appeared more economical, but age‐related differences in economical attitudes disappeared between 2009 and 2014. In each year, late middle‐agers reported less self‐indulgent attitudes than young adults, and these age‐related differences did not remarkably change between 1999 and 2014. The results indicate that in 1999 and 2004, ecological and economical attitudes towards consumption were best predicted by age at the year of the study. In later years, ecological attitudes were more closely determined by life course stage, that is household type and other socio‐demographic determinants. Regarding economical attitudes, generational or cohort effects were pronounced among late middle‐agers in 1999. In contrast, the significance of age remained throughout the years for self‐indulgent attitudes, indicating the absence of generational or cohort effects.     

State-firm Coordination and Upgrading in Spain's and Korea's ICT Industries

ABSTRACT

Generating sustainable growth and reaching advanced economy status depend on the ability of countries to host local, globally competitive firms in skill-, capital-, and knowledge-intensive industries. However, few countries succeed. This paper asks whether state activism is necessary to foster economic transformation at high levels of complexity in the globalisation era, and if so, what strategies are effective. Using evidence from Spain's and Korea's ICT industries since the 1980s, the paper argues that state-firm coordination remains necessary to reach the efficiency frontier in complex industries. However, coordination has shifted from hierarchical structures to nonhierarchical models in which states and firms develop mutually agreed-upon working rules to reach beneficial outcomes. Nonhierarchical coordination may involve adopting different institutional configurations, depending on the identities and capabilities of firms and national governments and on the nature of linkages with other nations. These linkages may lead to alternative pathways to upgrading and diverse productive specialisations.     

“知夫画脉”与“如入岩谷”：清初寄畅园的山水改筑与17世纪江南的“张氏之山”

清初寄畅园的改筑奠定了今日园林山水的格局，对当时园主人秦松龄“园成，向之所推为名胜者一切遂废”表述的理解，要进入17世纪明末清初江南园林山水营造转变的具体历史情境，尤其是结合“张氏之山”的认识，并通过改筑前后的对比及对相关文献的分析，从“知夫画脉”的山池经营和“如入岩谷”的谷涧体验两方面认识清初寄畅园山水改筑的具体做法，从而深化对寄畅园的山水营造特色及园林史上“张氏之山”杰出成就的认识。     

Late globalization and evolution,episodes and epochs of industries: Evidence from Danish textile and fashion industry, 1945–2015

This paper explores the conceptual terrain of what we term late globalization. The late globalization phenomena are multilevel and multidimensional; this paper offers an initial portal into these phenomena. Understanding late globalization would provide academic insights and help in shaping practices at international, national, sectoral, and corporate levels. The paper follows a macro‐conceptual to a micro‐empirical path to provide illustrative empirical evidence. Studying the emergence and evolution of Danish Textile and Fashion Industry (DTFI) between 1945 and 2015—a quintessential sector for globalization—allows the examination of several interrelated issues: critical events, impediments, pressures, and turning points that shaped DTFI; main institutional players that motivated key policy changes in and evolution of DTFI; and effects of late globalization on size, mission, location, knowledge, growth, and structure of DTFI. This longitudinal case study of the development of the DTFI brings to the fore key features that shape late globalization at the sectoral‐national level: government industrial policies toward domestic and foreign players in an industry, global competition that shapes and continually reshapes (cost as well as quality‐driven) location of key value chain activities (and the concomitant global distribution of core competencies and skills), and the growing role of information technologies that enable globally‐dispersed value chains to function in cohesive and unified ways. Late globalization has additional levels and dimensions; and we point to implications for future research.     

中国工业发展70年

本文分计划经济时期和改革开放两个时期分别论述了1949年以来中国工业70年的发展历程。之所以划分为两个时期，是由于这两个时期的发展战略、理念、路径、成就都不同。前一时期以国有企业为主导，超前发展了重工业，在发展战略上偏向于内向型，在发展理念上倾向于粗放型。虽然取得了不小的成就，特别是建立了较为完整的工业体系，为后一时期的进一步发展打下了较好的基础，但前一时期同时也存在效率低下、资源浪费、人浮于事等弊端，特别是由于轻视了轻工业导致了人民生活水平长期得不到提高。改革开放以后通过发展多种所有制企业和引进外资，重视市场的调节作用，实行外向型发展战略，推动轻重工业平衡发展，参与国际市场竞争，实现了快速的经济发展，使我国从一个人均GDP排名十分靠后的国家一跃成为中上等收入国家，并且具有进一步发展的巨大潜力。本文还尝试着总结我国工业发展的经验，希望能够成为其他国家的参考。     

晚明江南造园中黄石叠山的兴起及其 原因探析

晚明江南园林开始兴起使用黄石来叠造假山，明末清初以后，黄石被大量运用到造园中，形成了与太湖石分庭抗礼的局面，这是晚明至清初江南造园的转折中一个细微但重要的变化。梳理其兴起的过程和影响，并从多方面来探究这个现象背后的影响因素：除了石材资源与成本的影响外，晚明造园画意原则引导下叠山技法的变革是主要的原因，其背后还有当时社会审美思潮的推动。     

明末清初科技翻译“误读”现象解析

坊间对明末清初科技翻译高潮的关注主要是对译史的研究,很少涉及到其翻译理论及策略。基于对科技译史的梳理爬剔,客观地说,“误读”作为一种策略在明清科技翻译实践中有一定的普遍性。这种事实一方面有悖于传统翻译圭臬,另一方面是翻译研究不可回避的事实,其存在的理据在于它能满足无论是耶稣会士还是士大夫的不同翻译目的,是译者调和与合译者主体之间矛盾的最佳路径。