电子商务环境下企业物流的建设策略

随着电子商务的迅猛发展,物流在电子商务中所起的作用越来越大,成为日益密切的互动关系。物流是实施电子商务的根本保证,电子商务也促使传统物流向现代物流发展。本文将从现代物流和电子商务的一些基本特征入手,探讨在快速发展的电子商务环境下企业物流的发展前景和应对策略。     

Measuring performance in the presence of stochastic demand for hospital services: an analysis of Belgian general care hospitals

Since demand for hospital services is subject to substantial variability, the relationship between uncertain demand, excess capacity, hospital costs and performance should be investigated thoroughly. In this paper a waiting time indicator to proxy hospital standby capacity is incorporated into a multi-product translog cost function for Belgian general care hospitals. The indicator is derived from queuing theory and improves on the conventionally used (inverse of the) occupancy rate. The multi-product stochastic frontier specification allows calculation of cost elasticities and marginal cost of seven hospital departments, as well as the degree of economies of scale and scope and enables identification of differences in efficiency.

New evidence on the convergence of international income from a group of 29 countries

This paper updates and extends the time-series evidence on the convergence of international incomes using a set of 29 countries over the period 1900–2001. Time-series tests for stochastic convergence are supplemented with tests which provide evidence on the notion of “β-convergence” predicted by the Solow model. The evidence indicates that the relative income series of 21 countries are consistent with stochastic convergence, and that β-convergence has occurred in at least 16 countries at some point during the twentieth century. Further examination of the properties of the β-convergence test provides anecdotal evidence of conditional convergence in three additional countries for which the convergence hypothesis was initially rejected. Consideration of convergence clubs strengthens the evidence in favor of convergence. Analysis of the cross-country dispersion of incomes over time also suggests that convergence has occurred over the 1900–2001 period, particularly within certain clubs, with structural breaks associated with World War II in many countries causing a break in the convergence process.      

语用失误及其对大学英语听说课教学的启示

外语教学的主要目的是培养和发展学生运用外语进行交际的能力,这一观点已被人们广泛接受。语用失误包括语用语言失错和社交语用失误。避免语用失误,应培养学生的语境意识、语用意识、跨文化交际意识,并改革课程考核办法。     

非英语专业引入英语基础口译课程的教学探讨

让非英语专业的学生有机会选修英语基础口译课程,其主要目的是提高英语的听说能力,其次是学习一定的口译技巧。教师应选择合适的教材并注意授课方法。     

Volatility Relationship between Crude Oil and Petroleum Products

This paper utilizes calculated historical volatility and GARCH models to compare the historical price volatility behavior of crude oil, motor gasoline and heating oil in U.S. markets since 1990. We incorporate a shift variable in the GARCH/TARCH models to capture the response of price volatility to a change in OPEC’s pricing behavior. This study has three major conclusions. First, there was an increase in volatility as a result of a structural shift to higher crude oil prices after April 1999. Second, volatility shocks from current news are not important since GARCH effects dominate ARCH effects in the variance equation. Third, persistence of volatility in all commodity markets is quite transitory, with half-lives normally being a few weeks.

The Negligence Rule in the Presence of Judicial Corruption and Social Norms

This paper investigates the phenomenon of judicial corruption and incorporates it into Polinsky, A. M. (1980). Strict liability vs. negligence in a market setting. American Economic Review, 70, 363–367 framework so as to analyze the efficiency of the negligence rule. By shedding light on the role of social norms in regard to the phenomenon of judicial corruption, this analysis provides implications for policy. First, more prevalent corruption at the status quo tends to intensify the extent of the corruption itself and, as a result, the effectiveness of the government’s corruption enforcement is greatly lessened. This implies that an excessively lenient policy of corruption may result in an uncontrollable consequence; once corruption becomes rampant, it is costly to bring it down. Of great importance, in the presence of such a corruption effect, the social optimum cannot be achieved based on the negligence rule and the equivalence between the strict liability and negligence rule fails. Secondly, the attitude of the society toward a corrupt judge plays a crucial role in governing the effectiveness of an efficient wage arrangement. If the society can fully accept a corrupt judge, corruption will never be controlled even with the incentive wage scheme.

错误分析理论在高校英语听力课中的应用

错误分析是二语习得研究的重要内容,是了解学习者所掌握知识的重要信息来源.从错误分类入手,对英语学习者听力理解过程中的主要障碍进行测试并进行错误分析,在教学中设法提高学生的语音和语感,在课堂训练中抓住重点信息,有助于提高学生的听力理解能力.     

如何让学生带着情感上好英语课

基础教育课程改革的一个重要方面是把培养学生的情感列入课程教学目标。现代大学英语教学要求我们在英语教学中不但要重视培养学生的语言知识和语言技能,更要关注学生情感态度的发展。     

当代农民工生活状况分析

当代农民工的生活面临着很多困境,如工资拖欠、子女教育问题等。这些状况的存在,不仅给农民工带来了经济损失和精神痛苦,也对正常的社会经济秩序带来了不良影响,引起了政府的高度重视。