Locally Greater Vulnerability to Background Risk

Willingness to take on risk is influenced by the presence of fair and unfair background risks for decision makers who are risk vulnerable as defined by Gollier and Pratt [1996], for these decision makers are more risk averse when they possess such an uninsurable background risk. We present an alternative derivation of the index of local vulnerability based on Diamond and Stiglitz [1974] compensated increases in risk, such that risk aversion increases with the introduction of any small fair background risk if and only if the index of local vulnerability is positive. We establish that the increase in risk aversion is greater for those who are more vulnerable as measured by the index of local vulnerability.     

A Semiparametric Method for Valuing Residential Locations: Application to Automated Valuation

This paper is motivated by automated valuation systems, which would benefit from an ability to estimate spatial variation in location value. It develops theory for the local regression model (LRM), a semiparametric approach to estimating a location value surface. There are two parts to the LRM: (1) an ordinary least square (OLS) model to hold constant for interior square footage, land area, bathrooms, and other structural characteristics; and (2) a non-parametric smoother (local polynomial regression, LPR) which calculates location value as a function of latitude and longitude. Several methods are used to consistently estimate both parts of the model. The LRM was fit to geocoded hedonic sales data for six towns in the suburbs of Boston, MA. The estimates yield substantial, significant and plausible spatial patterns in location values. Using the LRM as an exploratory tool, local peaks and valleys in location value identified by the model are close to points identified by the tax assessor, and they are shown to add to the explanatory power of an OLS model. Out-of-sample MSE shows that the LRM with a first-degree polynomial (local linear smoothing) is somewhat better than polynomials of degree zero or degree two. Future applications might use degree zero (the well-known NW estimator) because this is available in popular commercial software. The optimized LRM reduces MSE from the OLS model by between 5 percent and 11 percent while adding information on statistically significant variations in location value.     

股票价格均值回归理论研究综述

随机漫步理论认为股票的价格是不能预测的,许多实证检验的结果也支持了这一结论。但是,近年来均值回归理论对随机漫步理论提出了挑战。从长期来看,股票价格呈均值回归是必然的;均值回归具有不对称性;政府行为对股票的均值回归具有一定的影响。     

中国银行业规模经济和范围经济的实证研究——基于复合成本函数的分析

本文首次在国内利用复合成本函数估计我国国有商业银行和股份制商业银行1998——2003年的成本函数,并计算出各自的规模经济和范围经济。复合成本函数把投入价格的对数二次项和产出的二次项结合起来,具有优良的实证研究性质。实证研究结果表明:时间对我国银行业的规模经济和范围经济影响不显著;国有商业银行和股份制商业银行都存在着轻微的规模不经济和范围不经济,国有银行略好于股份制银行。我国商业银行的两种产出——存款和贷款不存在成本互补性。     

中国地方政府债务权责划分:实践探索与改革建议

地方政府债务权责划分是一国分级财政体制的重要内容。实现中国地方政府债务的合法化已经成为解决当前地方政府债务问题的前提条件。地方政府债务的合法化不仅是债务融资权的界定问题,更是管理责任的归属问题。近年来中国某些地方已经开始自发地探索地方层面上的政府债务权责划分的方法。国家应尽快制定统一的法规,赋予地方政府合法举债权,但应严格控制债务规模、界定使用范围。应在财政部和省市县财政部门设立债务管理机构,明确地方政府的债务偿还及风险管理责任,加大债务监督力度。     

大力推进新形势下的需求侧管理工作

在当前电力供需日趋紧张的形势下,电力企业为了保证电网的安全稳定运行,实现其向社会可靠供电的承诺,必须在政府的政策支持和引导下加快电源和电网建设的同时充分挖掘需求侧潜力,大力推进需求侧管理在中国的实践.笔者根据多年工作经验总结出在开展需求侧管理工作的过程中应注意的几个问题.     

美国高校会计的特征及其启示

传统上美国高校会计制度采用"双轨制"方法,私立大学遵从财务会计准则委员会的准则,公立大学采用政府会计准则委员会的准则,二者一般都采用"基金"会计核算方法.近年来,财务会计准则委员会和政府会计准则委员会制定的有关高校会计信息披露法规出现了融合的趋势,两类高校会计信息披露的内容开始向企业会计靠拢.我国高校会计改革应吸收美国已有的成果,应尽量缩小与企业会计的差别.     

Testing for Vertical Fiscal Externalities

The purpose of this paper is to design a test of whether the vertical external effects associated with tax base sharing among local and regional governments have become internalized via the intergovernmental transfer system. Such tests are important in the sense that the income tax rates chosen by different levels of government will generally be correlated, even if the resource allocation is optimal from society's point of view. By using panel data for the Swedish local and regional public sectors, the results imply that an increase in the regional income tax rate induces the municipalities in the region to decrease their income tax rates. In addition, we are able to reject the null hypothesis that the vertical external effects have become internalized.     

以"代建制"为契机加快工程项目管理公司的发展

建设部《关于培育发展工程总承包和工程项目管理企业的指导意见》的发布，以及全国大部分地区政府投资工程代建制的实行，为我国工程项目管理公司的发展创造了机遇。面对竞争日益激烈的国内外市场，如何抓住有利形势，加快我国工程项目管理公司的培育和发展，使之能与国外的工程项目管理公司相抗衡，已经成为一个非常紧迫的问题。     

强磁防垢技术研究及其在油田的现场应用

对国内某油田注水管线的结垢现象及水质和垢物成分进行了分析，探讨了强磁防垢机理，研究了磁处理的特点。通过室内晶相显微观察法。优化选择强磁处理的最佳磁参数，根据最佳磁参数设计出适合此油田现场使用的强磁防垢器，并在油田现场安装磁化器实施强磁防垢技术．观察磁防垢前后注水管线状况和结垢对比。现场实践表明，强磁防垢技术不但操作方便，而且可取得显著的效果和经济效益。