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991.
Thomas Bjørner 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1996,8(2):221-245
International transit traffic between countries can be expected to increase in the future. This paper investigates whether international policy coordination is appropriate in the case of international transit traffic causing a local environmental externality. This issue is analysed in a two-country model where traffic is used as an input in production. It is found that individual optimization of the countries is likely to result in an outcome with less than optimal international traffic, i.e. too little pollution compared with optimum. 相似文献
992.
Goran Peskir 《Finance and Stochastics》2005,9(2):251-267
We show that the optimal stopping boundary for the Russian option with finite horizon can be characterized as the unique solution of a nonlinear integral equation arising from the early exercise premium representation (an explicit formula for the arbitrage-free price in terms of the optimal stopping boundary having a clear economic interpretation). The results obtained stand in a complete parallel with the best known results on the American put option with finite horizon. The key argument in the proof relies upon a local time-space formula.Received: March 2004, Mathematics Subject Classification (2000):
91B28, 35R35, 45G10, 60G40, 60J60JEL Classification:
G13Goran Peskir: Centre for Analytical Finance (funded by the Danish Social Science Research Council) and Network in Mathematical Physics and Stochastics (funded by the Danish National Research Foundation).The first draft of the present paper has been completed in September 2002. I am indebted to Albert Shiryaev for useful comments. 相似文献
993.
由于中小企业无法进入公开的资本市场进行融资 ,以满足其资金饥渴 ,逼迫采取集资、债券融资、股票融资、民间信贷等直接融资方式 ,但其融资中存在的非法集资等问题 ,直接冲击着正常的金融秩序 ,危害社会经济的运行 相似文献
994.
以产权主体多元化为突破口深化国有制改革 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文根据十六大精神提出了内部产权主体多元化的国有制改革思路;对改革中如何进行产权的初始界定、运用市场机制对国有资产进行有效配置和正确处理财政收入与国有资产经营与转让收入的关系提出了建议。 相似文献
995.
The concern of this article is with action at the local level to combat racial inequality in employment. It draws on the authors' evaluation of the 'West Midlands Common Standard', an innovative policy introduced by a consortium of West Midlands councils to ensure their contractors have, and implement, an equal opportunities in employment policy. The article assesses the impact of the initiative and its potential transferability. It is argued that the Common Standard provides a highly promising model for other local authorities to adopt. 相似文献
996.
Hubert B. Stroud 《Land use policy》1985,2(2):126-134
This article explains how recreational subdivisions convert large tracts of rural land in the USA into ‘potential vacation homesites’. Much subdivision has occurred in areas where land use regulations are weak or non-existent. All too often developers have implemented an operational framework without a master plan, have not adhered to local environmental constraints, and failed to provide the most basic services needed for human habitation. Many of these so-called ‘planned new communities’ qualify as neither communities nor planned and end up as ghost subdivisions with vast acreages of unused, vacant land marked by an elaborate network of bladed roads. Specific developmental guidelines are suggested to assist governmental officials in reducing the negative impact associated with the premature subdivision of land years prior to its expected use. 相似文献
997.
This paper examines whether the ‘cross ownership’ of wireline and wireless communications carriers is socially beneficial or harmful, and therefore should be allowed or regulated. We analyze a generic model of cross ownership of the firms which produce different but inter-related services. We show that, first, if both of the wireline and wireless industries are monopolistic, cross ownership results in social gains when the two services are complements, and social losses when they are substitutes. Secondly, if the wireless industry is sufficiently competitive, there’s little or no welfare loss from cross ownership. Finally, we briefly address the effect of network externality on the welfare consequences of cross ownership. 相似文献
998.
Does Ownership Identity Matter? A Meta‐analysis of Research on Firm Financial Performance in Relation to Government versus Private Ownership
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We examine whether reported ownership–performance relations systematically differ for government versus private ownership by integrating the diverse empirical results for listed corporations in emerging markets. Our meta‐analysis confirms popular perceptions that, compared to private ownership, government ownership is associated with inferior performance. We find that, on average, the underlying ownership–performance relation is negative for government ownership and positive for private ownership, and the difference between these relations is significant. We also find that the positive private ownership–performance relation is stronger for institutional/foreign ownership compared to family/management ownership. Further analysis shows that negative (positive) government (private) ownership and performance relations have weakened (strengthened) over time. Our assessment of the sources of heterogeneity shows that reported relations are biased by estimation methods that fail to adequately control for endogeneity. Our results suggest that the nature of ownership–performance relations in emerging markets remains very dynamic and warrants ongoing research interest. 相似文献
999.
This paper uses a fiscal decentralisation reform in China – namely, the province‐managing‐county (PMC) reform – to examine the effects of fiscal decentralisation on local economic growth. The PMC reform abolished the subordinate fiscal relationship between prefectures and counties and transferred much of the tax and spending authority from the prefecture to the county level. Exploiting a county‐level panel data set over 2001–11, we find that the reform has led to a significant increase in the GDP growth rate. The effect is considerably more pronounced in regions with superior initial institutional quality. We also identify channels: the PMC reform induced county governments to exert lower tax burdens on firms and increase spending on infrastructure construction. 相似文献
1000.