产学研合作对高校应用型外语人才培养的启示

应用型外语人才培养要以服务于地方经济与社会发展为目标,这也是应用型地方本科院校人才培养的思路。现有应用型外语人才培养存在诸多问题,如培养目标不明晰、课程设置不科学、教学方法滞后、师资力量跟不上等。而要改变这种现状,就必须优化现行的人才培养目标、课程教学体系、教学方法与手段、高校行政管理机制等,以真正培养高质量的应用型外语人才。     

关于加强地方海事执法能力建设的几点思考

当前,非水网地区地方海事执法能力较弱,成为困扰发展的难题。地方海事机构要想提高执法能力和监管水平,走出困局,必须理顺管理体制,提高执法人员业务水平。     

Consumer Motivations and Buying Behavior: The Case of the Local Food System Movement

The significant attention and growth surrounding sustainable foods has created a demand for research investigating different factors that can aid in predicting and explaining consumer behavior. This article utilized an attitude-behavior framework, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), to identify factors that might influence consumer valuation of organic, fair trade, and local labeled food. Approximately 1,000 consumers from a 2008 nationwide survey were used in data analyses. Some TPB determinants proved successful in understanding consumer motivations (behavioral control, social norms). These results can be used by a wide variety of food marketers to connect with consumers to promote effective marketing strategies of sustainable food products     

Research and Development Towards Sustainable Agriculture by Resource-Poor Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some Strategic and Organisational Considerations in Linking Farmer Practical Needs with Policies and Scientific Theories

Sustainable agricultural development is presented as a diverse and dynamic process through which it copes with agro-ecological and socio-economic diversity at field level and with ever-changing needs and opportunities of (smallholder) farmers. In support, agricultural research—aimed at locally appropriate and environmentally friendly technologies—should contribute to bridging the currently increasing gaps between scientific theories and government agricultural policies as opposed to the practical field realities that farmers are facing.

These gaps are best illustrated by—what in the West is often presumed to be—a stagnant African agricultural (in reality it is not!) in spite of many ambitious policies and projects by national governments and international donors for several decades. Disappointing adoption rates by resource-poor smallholders of the proposed ‘modern’ agricultural technologies have often been blamed. However, the actual local systems are primarily based on ‘ecological’ and ‘organic’ concepts. Localised intensification through recycling of organic by-products is an integral part of such systems. Consequently, these systems are uniquely adapted to the diverse framer needs resulting from widespread variations in soil, climate and socio-economic conditions. By contrast most international R&D support for the African agricultural sector is aimed implicitly at creating a modern conventional system of farming based on external inputs and along a Western industrial model.

To cope with diverse and complex, location specific problems inherent in development, sustainability and poverty alleviation, requires strong national research and development (R&D) institutions that adopt comprehensive, people-centred approaches as opposed to the technocratic nature of most formal international development assistance. The development debate therefore should be turned around. The ‘existing’ smallholder farming systems and their needs should be a point of departure, while the various development initiatives and policies should be handled by including the related institutional aspects.     

Enhancing farmers’ capacity for botanical pesticide innovation through video-mediated learning in Bangladesh

Despite the general success of farmer-capacity-building methods such as Farmer Field School in promoting pest management innovations, only those farmers directly involved benefit. How can agricultural extension enable farmer-to-farmer learning about botanical pesticides beyond such schools? We wanted to know how different learning methods, such as video shows and workshops, change farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices about botanical pesticides. This paper explains how video engages men and women farmers in spreading botanical pesticides across 12 villages in Bogra District, north-western Bangladesh. We conducted ex ante and ex post surveys among farmers from November 2009 to September 2010. For data analysis, we used t-test and McNemer and Wilcoxon sign rank tests. Our findings suggest that video improves the ability of both male and female farmers to communicate about pest management among themselves and with other stakeholders, as ‘intricate ethno-agricultural practices’. Video-mediated learning sessions are more effective than conventional workshop training in enhancing farmers’ knowledge about botanical pesticides, changing their attitude and finally taking a decision to adopt these methods. In other words, video is capable of communicating complex issues such as the biological and physical processes that underlie pest management innovations. From our case, we conclude that agricultural extension is more effective with the use of facilitated video learning and that this process clarifies complex agro-ecological principles, bias and normative perceptions of the learners. Also, video-mediated learning is not only transferable across villages, but also works well in combination with other media, such as radio, television and mobile phones.     

地方高校商务日语课程体系建设研究

目前地方院校商务日语专业课程体系建设普遍存在专业学科定位不准确、重理论轻实践的倾向。文章对地方本科院校商务日语专业的师资力量、课程设置现状、教学方法等方面进行了详细分析,同时指出高校商务日语课程体系的建构应该以市场需求为导向,以应用能力培养为主线,强化实践训练,注重日语与商务知识的有机融合,凸显培养特色。     

电气信息类应用型人才培养模式的研究与实践

根据地方应用型院校学生的特点,以电气信息类专业为研究对象,以构建应用型人才培养模式为目的,从加强理论课的应用性、加强校企深层次人才培养合作、构建学生自主创新平台等方面,对地方院校电气信息类应用型人才培养模式进行了探索。     

湖南地方财经院校成人教育人才培养模式创新研究

社会经济的发展、突出地方文化特色的需求是成人教育人才培养模式改革的重要推动力,湖南地方财经院校成人教育人才培养模式在院校结构设置、人才培养地区经济文化特色、培养方式上有着相对的局限性,因此,其成人教育人才培养模式的创新应该在院校的布局结构调整、专业建设、课程教学体系改革、促进招生就业和考核评价等方面有所助力。     

美国地方行政区划若干问题探讨

本文在正确认识美国联邦政府和州政府之间的关系基础上．着重对美国的地方行政区划、地方行政区划单位和地方行政区划的特点进行了论述．进而讨论了美国联邦政府—州政府—地方政府之间的相互关系以及州政府之间的关系．形成了对美国地方行政区划的一些比较正确的认识。     

大连发展文化事业、文化产业对策研究

大连发展文化事业、产业,要从地缘角度出发,实施本地战略、区域战略、国家战略三步走的战略构想.本地战略,主要突出文化产业作为特色产业的建设;区域战略,主要突出大连地处东北亚的开放姿态,以文化产业立足区域,以区域强化文化产业发展;国家战略.主要突出城市的影响力,力图通过策略宣传,加强大连的文化产业影响力,进一步增加城市的无形资产价值.