人力资本、政府管制与中国大城市二元劳动力市场职业配置——以上海市卢湾区为例

中国大城市劳动力市场已经演变成具有"二元"特征的劳动力市场,其中本地劳动力和外来劳动力的职业构成差异不能仅仅用劳动者自身的人力资本来解释,它还与城市政府的选择性管制有关。虽然中央政府已经逐渐取消针对外来劳动力的歧视性限制,但地方政府借助户籍制度实行的隐性、间接管制在城市劳动力市场职业配置中仍然起着重要作用,是外来劳动力在职业选择中处于不利地位的重要原因。     

地方政府行为模式及发展趋向求解——谨防地方政府由经营城市转向经营管制

随着我国经济转型,地方政府走过了致力于经营企业、经营城市两个阶段的"创新"行为演变.文章在建立地方政府经营城市模型,并对模型进行分析的基础上,提出地方政府有可能致力于经营管制,即地方政府放大、用足、用活管制权利,为自己谋取经济利益.应加快市场化改革步伐抑制这种趋势的出现.     

晋升锦标赛起了多大作用?——兼论地方官员的激励导向

在解释中国的经济改革和经济增长中,原先的"维护市场的财政联邦制"强调地方高的边际财政分成对地方促进市场化改革带来的重要作用,但分税制改革改变了这点。主张中央集权下晋升锦标赛作用的学者强调即使地方财政激励很低,晋升的激励也足以保证地方按照中央要求努力发展经济。对这种观点进行了反思,并把地方财政激励扩大到地方官员财务激励,可以发现,即使在分税制后,地方官员的财务激励和晋升锦标赛激励都起作用,后者的激励作用还面临一些限制。而且,这两种激励都未必导致地方的市场化改革和对内源型经济增长的推动。     

中国地方政府债务风险研究

分税制改革以来,地方政府债务问题逐渐浮现。伴随着地方政府债务不断累积,其偿债压力、信用风险、流动性风险、道德风险等问题呈叠加趋势。本文从地方政府债务风险分类出发,分析其形成原因,并着力根据我国现状提出防范地方政府债务风险的政策建议。     

Residents' place image: a cluster analysis and its links to place attachment and support for tourism

While there is a plethora of studies segmenting the lucrative tourism market, limited attention has been given to identifying potential segments of local residents based on their image of the place they live in as a tourist destination. This study aims to address this gap by (a) clustering local residents of a tourist destination based on their images of that place; and (b) identifying whether those image-based resident groups share similar/different levels of place attachment and intentions toward tourism (support for tourism, intention to recommend it to others). Analysis was based on a sample of 368 residents of Eilat, Israel. The findings suggest the presence of three resident groups with different images of Eilat – called Nature Aesthete, Appreciator, and Critical – and provide support that these groups exhibit dissimilar levels of attachment and intentions/behavior toward tourism. The Appreciator (residents with the most favorable image) were reported exhibiting higher levels of place attachment, support for tourism and were more likely to recommend their place to others as a tourist destination than the Critical (residents with the least favorable image). The implications of these findings to tourism theory and practice are discussed.     

Citizens’ e-participation on agenda setting in local governance: Do individual social capital and e-participation management matter?

Although a growing body of literature has touted e-participation as a means of facilitating greater citizen participation in policy decision-making processes, little is known about the driving forces behind citizens’ use of e-participation. Based on a literature review of social capital and citizen participation, this study develops and tests a model proposing that three dimensions of social capital and three dimensions of citizen participation management should be positively associated with e-participation in agenda setting. Using data from a Korean e-participation survey conducted in 2009, we found that citizens tend to be more active e-participants when they have greater trust in government and are weakly tied to offline social groups. We also found that citizen participants’ perception of government responsiveness to their input can facilitate their e-participation. The study findings imply that local governments should pay more attention to the function of public trust in local government and provide quality feedback in response to citizen input. They should also be sensitive to how the social factors of e-participants can facilitate involvement in agenda setting.     

地方财政压力与投资多样性——基于所得税分享改革的研究

利用企业所得税分享改革构建强度倍差模型,使用1997—2012年全国地级市数据,检验了地方财政压力对于投资多样性的影响及相关传导机制。结果表明,地方财政压力不利于投资多样性的提高;在财政压力下,地方容易形成偏向房地产行业的投资倾向。然而,不同地区地方财政压力对投资结构的影响存在异质性。经济发展水平较低的地区在财政压力下更容易降低投资多样性;而经济发展水平高的地区应对财政压力时,更倾向于通过多元化投资的方式做大税基、减轻财政压力。优化分税制结构、建立地方性税种能缓解地方财政压力,对于改变地方“房地产集中型”投资结构有一定的积极作用。     

地方政府债务空间与空间债务——基于地根经济的区位黏性视角

本文从人口流动的区位黏性这一全新视角,将地方政府性债务的李嘉图等价命题纳入新经济地理研究框架进行理论分析。为了进一步揭示理论模型的政策含义,采用空间计量方法验证沿海地区地方政府性债务的局部正相关特征。最优的债务政策取决于经济系统的初始条件,在非对称经济结构已经存在的情况下,单纯建设本地区的基础设施只会降低区域内的交易成本,这对于那些仅着眼于投巨资用于城市“硬件”建设的地方政府来说显然是一叶障目。建议依靠基础设施网络提高区域协同创新能力,培育规模报酬递增的专业化产业集群。     

边远贫困地区民族村寨旅游发展的省思——以贵州西江千户苗寨为中心的考察

贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州西江千户苗寨是边远贫困地区民族村寨旅游开发的典型案例。通过田野调查,笔者认为,旅游并非造成当地传统文化变迁的主要因素,东道主有融入全球化的自我决定权,而审慎地选择开发方式,以保护地方感应成为旅游开发的战略选择。其间政府主导作用的有效发挥是边远贫困地区旅游开发的必要条件,但当旅游市场形成后,应规制政府与民争利,并及时实现政府角色的转换,让位于社区主导。同时,在民族村寨旅游开发中,将地方性知识融入现代景区管理制度尤其显得意义重大。     

陕西市场机制与政府调控有效结合研究

国内外的理论和实证研究表明。政府和市场各具优点,也各有缺陷。在不完善的市场与不完善的政府之间寻求最有效的结合点是世界各国持续探索的课题。科学发展观的提出为在中国实现市场机制与政府调控的有效结合提供了新的机遇。从产业政策的有效性、财政资金的投向和要素市场的培育三个视角建立陕西政府调控与市场机制结合有效性评价指标体系是本课题组的基本思路。