习语翻译中的关联缺失与关联重建

由于交际语言、交际对象及认知语境的变化,习语翻译过程中出现关联缺失现象,译者在尽力保留源习语语言、文化意义及交际意图的同时,应充分考虑译文读者的认知语境,采用灵活手段在译文中重建关联。     

谈谈预应力混凝土梁板的拱度控制

预应力混凝土结构已被逐渐广泛地应用于工程中,而预压力所产生的拱度正好可以抵消荷载作用下梁板所产生的挠度,显然这对结构是有利的。然而如果拱度过大,对于桥梁工程来说,造成公路桥梁路面不平顺,导致行车不顺畅,产生负面效果。因此,如何控制好结构的拱度也是一个亟待解决的问题。文章主要从拱度的成因、结构的材料等几个方面来谈谈对结构拱度的控制。     

连锁零售企业人力资源管理困境探析——以浙江为例

近年来在我国沿海地区,连锁零售企业在快速发展的同时正遭遇越来越多的问题,其中最突出的问题存在于人力资源管理方面,如人力资源短缺与流失严重,人力成本增长过快等等。只有认真分析人力资源管理面临的问题并予以破解,连锁零售企业才可能克服发展的瓶颈,重新获得快速的增长。     

效用理论在飞行安全风险评估中的应用

为科学划分飞行安全风险等级,将效用理论引入飞行安全风险领域,利用效用函数,建立了飞行安全风险评估模型。在分析飞行安全风险的基础上,通过定义事故或危险事件损失效应,选取合适的效用函数进行飞行安全风险的度量。模型有效区分了类似飞行事故这样高损失、低概率事件与飞行事故征候这样低损失、高概率事件风险之间的差异,克服了期望值法的局限性。最后通过实例验证了该方法的科学性和有效性。     

Individual determinants of work attendance: evidence on the role of personality

We investigate the influence of personality as measured by the Big Five personality scale on absenteeism using the 2005 wave of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Estimates of a double hurdle negative binomial regression allow us to test hypotheses on the influence of the Big Five personality traits on work attendance. Our findings augment previous results on the link between personality and absenteeism by analysing representative data and including a large set of control variables typically not available in small scale surveys. We find clear negative correlations between the absence probability and Conscientiousness among women. For male employees a negative correlation with the incidence of absence is observed for the Agreeableness dimension. When looking at the length of absence occurrences Neuroticism is found to significantly influence male absenteeism despite controlling for the subjective health of the individual. Following the reasoning by Bowles et al. (2001) for the provision of effort by employees, employers might pay for incentive-enhancing preferences such as low Neuroticism among male employees because employers can only insufficiently monitor the true level of sickness of their employees and consequently want to avoid voluntary absenteeism.     

Oil price forecasting under asymmetric loss

Based on the approach developed by Elliott et al. (2005), we found that the loss function of a sample of oil price forecasters is asymmetric in the forecast error. Our findings indicate that the loss oil price forecasters incurred when their forecasts exceeded the price of oil tended to be larger than the loss they incurred when their forecast fell short of the price of oil. Accounting for the asymmetry of the loss function does not necessarily make forecasts look rational.     

Litteraturanmeldelse

This article examines the notion of distortion of copulas, a natural extension of distortion within the univariate framework. We study three approaches to this extension: (1) distortion of the margins alone while keeping the original copula structure; (2) distortion of the margins while simultaneously altering the copula structure; and (3) synchronized distortion of the copula and its margins. When applying distortion within the multivariate framework, it is important to preserve the properties of a copula function. For the first two approaches, this is a rather straightforward result; however, for the third approach, the proof has been exquisitely constructed in Morillas (2005). These three approaches unify the different types of multivariate distortion that have scarcely scattered in the literature. Our contribution in this paper is to further consider this unifying framework: we give numerous examples to illustrate and we examine their properties particularly with some aspects of ordering multivariate risks. The extension of multivariate distortion can be practically implemented in risk management where there is a need to perform aggregation and attribution of portfolios of correlated risks. Furthermore, ancillary to the results discussed in this article, we are able to generalize the formula developed by Genest &; Rivest (2001) for computing the distribution of the probability integral transformation of a random vector and extend it to the case within the distortion framework. For purposes of illustration, we applied the distortion concept to value excess of loss reinsurance for an insurance policy where the loss amount could vary by type of loss.     

CONSTANT PROPORTION PORTFOLIO INSURANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF JUMPS IN ASSET PRICES

Constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) allows an investor to limit downside risk while retaining some upside potential by maintaining an exposure to risky assets equal to a constant multiple of the cushion , the difference between the current portfolio value and the guaranteed amount. Whereas in diffusion models with continuous trading, this strategy has no downside risk, in real markets this risk is nonnegligible and grows with the multiplier value. We study the behavior of CPPI strategies in models where the price of the underlying portfolio may experience downward jumps. Our framework leads to analytically tractable expressions for the probability of hitting the floor, the expected loss, and the distribution of losses. This allows to measure the gap risk but also leads to a criterion for adjusting the multiplier based on the investor's risk aversion. Finally, we study the problem of hedging the downside risk of a CPPI strategy using options. The results are applied to a jump-diffusion model with parameters estimated from returns series of various assets and indices.     

电网的经济运行

电网中损耗原因有很多,其中变压器损耗、线损和网损是最主要的三种.本文首先介绍了变压器损耗、线损和网损的理论计算方法,然后从多个角度提出了降低配电网的措施.     

对《债务重组准则》实施中应注意的几个问题的探讨

从1999年1月1日至2000年12月31日，《企业会计准则－债务重组》在企业执行过程中，由于准则对债务重组业务会计处理规定上的某些缺陷，导致了某些企业尤其是某些上市公司利用此法律上的便利，随意调节度利润，粉饰财务报表，给国家在会计信息失真的治理工作方面制造了障碍，国家财政部审时度势，及时修订了《企业会计准则－债务重组》准则，克服了原准则的缺陷，进一步规范了企业债务重组务和会计核算办法，使中国的会计准则体系进一步得到了完善，但新准则的实施由于新经济情况的情况，难免有不妥当的表现，笔者从六个方面提出了应注意的和改进的问题，希望能与同仁进行商榷并在该准则实施和执行过程中引起关注，对该准则的有效实施产生一些进步的影响。