国际航运中关于贸易术语的几个问题

首先介绍了国际航运中合同性质发生改变的情况和解决问题的办法；接着分析了对贸易术语变形的处理，规定装卸港口应注意的事项，对转运的把握；最后分析了国际航运中货物风险的提前转移。     

Agriculture's terms of trade: issues and implications

The article addresses (1) the issue of what agricultural commodity prices should be compared to if we are concerned with the welfare of agriculturalists, (2) the general absence of product quality adjustment when analysis is undertaken comparing agricultural to manufactured goods prices, (3) the extent to which energy prices are or will be the driver of both manufactured and agricultural prices, and (4) the importance of considering agriculture's terms of trade (TOT) against the service sector, since the service sector is typically the largest in the economy. It reflects on the basic question of whether the widespread perception “that agriculture's TOT secularly decline” is correct.     

测算价格贸易条件指数的困境及出路

我国学者运用帕氏公式测算我国价格贸易条件指数时经常得到大相径庭的结果,笔者认为这是由我国海关统计资料的数据缺陷造成的。文章提出采用环比-定基两步法测算价格贸易条件指数:第一步,采用环比的方法用帕氏公式测算每年与上年相比的进出口价格指数;第二步,用定基的方法以某一年为基期进行转换计算,测算出各年度与基期相比的进出口价格指数,然后用相同基期的出口价格指数除以进口价格指数测算价格贸易条件指数。通过环比-定基两步法可有效解决测算我国价格贸易条件指数的困境。     

Work Values of Turkish and American University Students

The first aim of this paper was to investigate how the traditional Protestant work ethic (PWE) and more contemporary work values (i.e., masculine, feminine, and entrepreneurship values) were related to one another, and differed across genders and two cultural contexts, namely Turkey and the U.S. The second aim was to elucidate the role of religiosity in PWE among the two cultural groups. Two hundred and sixty six American and 211 Turkish university students participated in this questionnaire study. The analyses examining cross-cultural differences revealed that Turkish university students reported greater scores in the PWE and all contemporary work values as compared to their American counterparts. For the Turkish sample, there were no gender-related differences in the PWE, whereas in the U.S. sample, men reported greater PWE scores than did women. With regard to gender differences in contemporary work values, our results showed that gender groups differed in feminine and entrepreneurship values in both cultural contexts; men emphasized femininity and entrepreneurship more than women in Turkey but the reverse was true in the U.S. Correlations between contemporary work values and the PWE illustrated that the PWE is associated with entrepreneurship and masculine values in both cultural contexts and with feminine values in the Turkish context. Finally, our results regarding the role of religiosity in PWE indicated that highly religious participants reported greater PWE scores than the less religious ones regardless of culture. Findings are discussed with reference both to differences in the two socio-cultural contexts and to recent change in the social structure of Turkish society. Zahide Karakitapoğlu Aygu¨n received her Ph.D. in social psychology from Middle East Technical University Turkey. She is currently an assistant professor at Bilkent University, Faculty of Business Administration. Her research interests concern values, commitment and justice. Mahmut Arslan (BSc, MA, PhD) is an Associate Professor received his graduate degree from Hacettepe University Department of Public Finance. He completed a masters degree in Business Administration at Hacettepe University Department of Business Administration and his PhD in Business at University of Leeds (UK). He has worked as a financial analyst and a research assistant. Dr. Arslan has also worked for the several reorganization projects as analyst and coordinator. He became Assistant Professor in 2000 and Associate Professor in 2003 at Hacettepe University Department of Business Administration. He teaches management and business ethics, organizational behaviour. He is also the director of Hacettepe University Centre for Business and Professional Ethics. Dr. Col. Salih Gu¨ney is an Associate Professor graduated from Hacettepe University Department of Sociology in Ankara in 1980. He received master's degree in behavioral sciences from the University of Istanbul, Faculty of Management in 1987. He finished his doctoral studies in behavioral sciences at the same university and received his PhD in 1988. He became an associated professor in 1997. He is currently the head of the behavioral sciences branch in the Turkish Military Academy. He teaches behavioral sciences, communication theory, introduction to sociology, and public relations at the Military Academy.     

Public Debt,Terms of Trade and Welfare: The Role of Capital Production Shares,External Balances,and Dynamic (In)efficiency

In view of still large external imbalances across the world economy and dramatically risen public debts in major advanced economies, this paper reconsiders the relationship between public debt, the terms of trade and welfare in a two-good, two-country overlapping generations model with technological differences across countries. We find that the terms of trade effect of a public debt shock depends only on international differences in capital production shares and the dynamic (in)efficiency of the world economy. As in a model with similar capital production shares, domestic welfare rises and foreign welfare decreases when Home has a positive external balance and the Golden Rule holds. Under dynamic efficiency, welfare decreases in the debt-expanding, net foreign creditor country if she has a relatively smaller capital production share, and if the welfare effect through the accumulation channel is negative. In contrast, under dynamic inefficiency she can increase her welfare by debt expansion.     

Current Account, Capital Formation and Terms of Trade Shocks: a Revisit of the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect

This paper extends the Blanchard model of a closed-economy to a three-good (exportable, importable and non-tradable goods) open-economy model with capital accumulation and uncertain lifetimes to study the impacts of terms of trade shocks on the current account. The simulation results show that a model with uncertain lifetimes is more appropriate to describe a small open economy like Taiwan at the steady-state equilibrium than a model with infinite lifetimes. We find that the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect is discernible for temporary or permanent terms of trade shocks. Furthermore, the steady state is a saddle point and the speed of convergence of capital and consumption is quite low.     

空穴型超导体有效哈密顿量高阶项的计算

本文采用 RVB 模型,应用正则微扰理论,详细计算了空穴型超导体的有效哈密顿量。不仅考虑了一般工作中忽略的二阶项中的多粒子项,而且考虑了四阶项。     

对《物流术语》中托盘概念的商榷

托盘是物流中使用广泛的集装单元器具,在物流系统中发挥着重要作用。本文从我国物流生产中使用的托盘类别介绍入手,分析了在我国广泛使用的五种托盘的结构特点、使用场合和各自优缺点,主要分析和研究了《物流术语》中托盘概念描述的准确之处和欠缺之处,对于物流行业标准提出了质疑,本文必将对进一步准确界定什么是托盘起到积极的推进作用。     

《圣经》的性别中性化英译及其论争

受西方女性主义影响,《圣经》英译表现出对语言性别政治的关注,出现了性别中性化翻译的新实践。译者们对《圣经》原文中的、或传统译本中的用于泛指的阳性词语予以系统的中性化处理,使新译本呈现出独特的文本形态,但也由此引发了激烈的论争,性别中性化翻译是否适用于《圣经》、中性语言能否准确地表达原意正成为人们关注的焦点。