Whither the terms of trade? An elaboration of the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis

Movements in the prices of primary products and manufacturedgoods are analysed using a model that introduces differencesin wage and price determination between primary production andmanufacturing. Wages and prices in primary production are treatedas competitively determined, while prices and wages in manufacturingare determined by mark-up pricing and union-employer bargaining,respectively. The objective is to capture the influence of structuraldifferences between manufacturing and primary production onthe terms of trade between industrialised and developing worldsas discussed in the seminal contributions to the developmentliterature by Raul Prebisch and Hans Singer. The model is estimatedusing price and wage data from the post-World War II period.Support is found for the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis; however,our estimates suggest that, during periods of particularly rapidmanufacturing growth, there have been intervals of net improvementin the terms of trade of primary producers.     

警惕信用证软条款——对一则信用证诈骗案的思考

随着我国加入WTO，与世界各国的贸易往来日益增多，进出口贸易额不断的上升，信用证在我国的对外经贸中起着越来越重要的作用，但是一些进口商却利用信用证软条款进行诈骗，给出口商和银行带来了极大的损失。因此，只有对信用证软条款进行识别，并采取相应的防范措施，才能避免不必要的损失。     

新丝绸之路背景下中国对哈萨克斯坦出口农产品结构优化研究

文章利用显性比较优势对比指数、贸易互补性指数及要素禀赋相关理论对中国出口哈萨克斯坦农产品结构进行了系统梳理,对比分析结果表明,中国出口哈萨克斯坦农产品结构在互补性与竞争性方面整体上呈现出有益的变化,基本符合比较优势理论的发展要求,但微观角度的考量则表现出明显的差异性,尤其是对互补性的相关测算,报告期内波动明显;而该研究通过进一步对要素禀赋结构的考察,发现中国对哈出口农产品要素结构仍处于较低水平,劳动密集型农产品与资源密集型农产品出口份额较大,尤其是劳动密集型农产品,这一方面使我们对微观层面的波动有了更准确地把握;同时,通过综合对比分析,亦得出中国目前一些对哈出口农产品有向"比较优势陷阱"发展的可能,因此,文章遵循比较优势的基本逻辑,按照新丝绸之路经济带对西部的长期战略发展要求,给出若干政策建议,以期能够从理论层面贡献于中国对哈农产品贸易总额的稳定快速增长。     

Ritual legitimation, de-coupling and the budgetary process: managing organizational hypocrisies in a multinational company

The study of participation in the budgetary cycle has formed a prominent part of the research literature concerned with the budgetary process. More recently there has emerged a body of literature concerned with exploring the political and symbolic nature of the budgetary process. The paper reports upon the outcomes of an empirical study of the introduction of `budgetary participation' in a division of a European subsidiary of a large North American car manufacturer. We detail the long process of consultation and negotiation within the subsidiary, and between it and the European Headquarters. The study provides a revealing instance of the roles of formal budget participation as a ritual of control and legitimation without the substantive involvement of middle managers and suggested to us the introduction of de-coupling and organizational hypocrisy alongside the introduction of budget participation. The study pays close attention to the contingent effects of the wider political context of the division and the relationships between the division, its organizational context and organizational environment, and how this context played upon the budgetary process in the division. The outcomes that we analyse at `Delta' reflect the de-coupling strategies and organizational hypocrisies commonly found in public sector organizations. In this wider setting the corporation persists with the ritual of `tight' budget negotiation and target setting and apparent underachievement in performance. Yet we conclude that the complex technological and political context to the formation and siting of Delta continued and may continue to support its existence.$g0     

中国同日本贸易条件变化和波动情况的经验分析

文章在联合国统计司Comtrade数据库的基础上对中国同日本贸易条件的变化和波动情况进行了经验分析,结果发现:从1987-2006年,中国同日本的初级产品贸易条件有一定程度的改善,而整体贸易条件和制成品贸易条件则出现了明显的恶化;中国同日本贸易条件的波动主要是由中国对日本初级产品出口份额大的波动、中技术产品及高技术产品进出口贸易发展的不平衡以及高技术产品贸易条件的较大波动引起的,而减小中国同日本贸易条件波动的关键在于减小高技术产品贸易条件的波动.     

界定国际贸易与国内贸易之法律与实务审视

我国“入世”以来外贸发展势头迅猛,进出口规模逐年扩大,到2005年外贸总额已经突破万亿大关,成为仅次于美国和德国的世界第三大贸易国。同时,国内的贸易商及生产企业面临的内外贸市场环境也发生了很大变化,两个市场之间的界限逐渐模糊,很多国内企业在进行国内贸易时日益倾向于使用标准的国际贸易术语,如FOB、CFR和CIF等,这不仅给国际贸易术语的国内应用提出了特殊的要求,也引起在新的贸易形势下如何界定国际贸易与国内贸易的区别的问题。甚至在美国这样的贸易强国,也有学者惊呼,“真正的跨境贸易(Cross-border Trade)正在减少甚至消失”。面对国际贸易领域这一新现象,文章将通过案例分析,从实务与法律的双重视角来探讨该问题。     

关于股票指数期货定价问题的思考

中国设立股指期货迫在眉睫 ,而定价问题是建立股票指数期货市场的核心问题。作者首先介绍了通过持仓成本定价模型确定股指期货理论价格 ,进而对模型的假设条件是否成立进行了探讨 ,并对建立中国股指期货市场提出了几点政策建议。     

Loan Rates and Collateral

We investigate the relation between corporate loan spreads and collateralization. We use propensity scoring to create a matched sample of pairs of loan facilities from the Dealscan database. We find that noncollateralized loans are associated with lower spreads even after controlling for risk.     

An Ethics of Care or an Ethics of Justice

A conflict within the community of those investigating business ethics is whether decision makers are motivated by an ethics of justice or an ethics of caring. The proposition put forward in this paper is that ethical orientations are strongly related to cultural backgrounds. Specifically, Hofstede's cultural stereotyping using his masculine-feminine dimension may well match a culture's reliance on justice or caring when decisions are made. A study of college graduates from six countries showed that Hofstede's dimension was remarkably accurate in predicating a justice or caring orientation for decision makers from five of the six countries.     

《六书故》词义引申术语研究

宋元之际学者戴侗所著《六书故》是我国古代一部具有特色的字书。近年来 ,对《六书故》的研究渐渐多起来 ,但对它的词义引申术语方面的研究还较薄弱。本文在对《六书故》的词义引申材料进行全面测查的基础上 ,对其所用术语进行整理 ,统计出相关数据 ,并在此基础上探讨引申术语与其所阐释内容的内在联系 ,指出它对后代字、词典术语的运用方面具有的参考价值。