企业高级管理人员职务消费规范与治理研究

近年来,随着经济的快速发展,企业高级管理人员的职务消费水平逐渐提高,其中职务消费问题也普遍突出,出现了很多亟待解决的问题,比如有关职务消费的规章制度不健全、职务消费管理不足,职责模糊化等等。职务消费是企业的重要成本费用支出之一,只有建立规范的职务消费制度,才有利于企业节省开支,提升企业利润。因此,找到解决职务消费问题的对策是值得研究和探讨的话题。     

青少年文化消费行为对传统家庭的影响——以手机媒体为背景的探讨与研究

从20世纪后半期开始,印刷术时代没落,随之而来的是电视、广播、互联网乃至手机媒体的蒸蒸日上。以手机为代表的新媒体开始以全时、全速、全域、全民的特点充斥在快速成长的青少年生活中,青少年作为主流文化消费者在文化消费中所表现出来追求时尚、注重体验、忽略发展性消费的特点在一定程度上对传统文化家庭的消费决策产生影响。这种影响从根本上不可逆转地改变了传统家庭交流方式,家长被青少年感染,变身孩童化大人,青少年在相对自由的环境中真正得到了身份认同。由此看来,青少年的流行风格与传统家庭文化的碰撞,技术的发展和创新有利于推动传统文化机制的现代化创新。     

智能自助售药设备的研究与应用

近些年来，为了改善我国医疗系统就诊密度大，看病买药难的问题，政府出台了一系列的政策措施，鼓励并引导人们就近在社区医院或门诊看病购药。自助售药机作为一种新型自助服务终端，在结合了物联网、大数据等技术后，可节省医院一部分医疗资源，实现患者自主问诊取方购药，有效的缓解了我国现行医疗资源紧张的现象。该文以几种最新出现的智能自助售药设备作为研究对象，通过对其功能特点进行详细阐述，分析了各类自助售药设备的结构模块和工作原理，并对可能存在的问题提出了一些看法，最后针对未来智能自助售药设备的发展前景进行了探讨与展望。     

Understanding consumption in social virtual worlds: A sensemaking perspective on the consumption of virtual goods

Virtual consumption involves consuming virtual goods in cyberspace. Virtual consumption activities are evolving into an essential activity in social virtual worlds. Despite the growing importance of this activity, little research examines this phenomenon. The current study investigates the fundamental question of how users understand the consumption of virtual goods. Using the theory of social representations and core-periphery analysis, this study elicits and analyzes the social representation of virtual consumption. Study participants are 154 Second Life users. Results identify 32 concepts and relationships representing the collective perceptions of virtual consumption in this social virtual world. Social representation map interpretations point to several key themes that provide a foundation for future investigations of virtual economy consumption behavior.     

Soil is brown gold in the Emilia-Romagna region,Italy

Soil is a natural resource essential to human welfare by virtue of its numerous crucial functions. In the past, soil has been taken for granted because of its widespread, albeit finite, availability. However, now that world's population is projected to exceed ten billion before the end of this century, soil is increasingly perceived as a precious commodity. Consequently, soil is increasingly under pressure by rich private investors and governments within the poorest countries to satisfy appetites for food production and biofuel. A case study is used to explore the plausibility of soil being considered as ‘brown gold’. Based on the comparison of land use maps, we estimated the value in terms of resource from raw material, carbon sink and virtual calories of the productive soil lost during the period 2003–2008 in the Emilia-Romagna Plain, one of the most productive areas of Italy. More than fifteen thousand hectares of cropland underwent land use change – in particular urbanization – over the 6-year period with an implied loss of crop production potential equivalent to the daily calorific requirement of more than 440,000 people. Taking into account that Italy is no longer self-sufficient in food production, such a loss appears to be strategically significant. Perhaps more importantly, urbanization and soil sealing has had negative ramifications on environmental sustainability, on both local and broad scales, with increased consumption of public funds. A logical framework of the socio-economic impact of land use change has been compiled and is presented as a possible example of a policy relevant approach to managing productive soils as a finite resource.     

网络段子:微传播时代的全民狂欢

藉由"微媒介",网络段子作为新媒体写作家族的成员,因其短小精悍、发表无限制、娱乐性强的特征,契合了当下快节奏的生活,迅速形成全民写作热潮。它直面现实,消解权威,颠覆传统,调侃生活,娱乐大众,成为微传播时代大众精神消费的狂欢。     

Inequality and Trade Policy: The Pro‐Poor Bias of Contemporary Trade Restrictions

This paper studies the pro‐poor bias of trade policy in India by estimating the household welfare effects of removing the current protection structure. The elimination of a pro‐poor trade policy is expected to have a negative differential welfare effect at the low end of the distribution. The paper first constructs trade restrictiveness indexes for household consumption items and industries using both tariffs and non‐tariff barriers. The results indicate that Indian trade policy is regressive through the expenditure channel as it disproportionately raises the cost of consumption for poorer households, while it is progressive through the earnings channel. Based on the net welfare effects, the elimination of the current trade protection structure is estimated to reduce inequality. These results indicate that a trade policy that is progressive through the earnings channel may induce a price effect that is regressive through the expenditure channel.     

Experimental evidence on the resilience of a cap & trade system for land consumption in Germany

The German government has committed to substantially limiting future land consumption. Among the most prominently discussed policy instruments is the implementation of a cap & trade system for land consumption, in which a limited amount of certificates is allocated to and traded by municipalities. Since these certificates would be a prerequisite for conducting building projects, this system is expected to reduce urban sprawl and foster the efficient allocation of land consumption projects. While previous empirical studies have supported these projections, the potential fragility of a cap & trade system in the case of macroeconomic shocks has not been considered. In three laboratory experiments, we simulate the impact of economic and budgetary crises within a cap & trade scheme for land consumption. We find that a market-based system succeeds in compensating macroeconomic disturbances with only minor welfare losses. Certificate prices in auctions and trading are somewhat more volatile before shocks, yet normalize afterwards. Trading volumes and the specifics of project realizations remain largely unaffected. Unrelated to the macroeconomic shocks, auction and market prices persistently diverge, leading to income redistributions to the state. Overall, our evidence supports the introduction of a market-based certificate scheme to reduce land consumption in Germany due to its resilience against potential shocks.     

中日农村医疗保险制度比较研究

纵向比较分析中日两国农村医疗保险制度的发展历程,从覆盖范围、筹资方式、补偿方式、资金收支情况等方面横向比较中日两国的农村医疗保险制度,探讨中日两国农村医疗保险制度的优缺点,为我国完善新型农村合作医疗制度提供相关建议。