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91.
本文以人力资本扩张为切入点,构建了最低工资、人力资本扩张影响企业成本加成的理论框架,并使用中国1998-2013年284个地级市的工业企业数据进行了经验研究。结论显示:最低工资上调会显著抑制企业成本加成的提升,削弱了企业的市场势力,但该抑制效应在人力资本扩张的背景下得以缓解。同时本文通过进一步分组回归发现,最低工资标准与人力资本扩张对企业成本加成具有明显的异质性影响。因此,适度、稳定调整最低工资标准及推动人力资本质量的整体提升有助于保持企业成本加成能力及其动态竞争力。 相似文献
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Sample design and sample allocation methods are developed for random digit dialling in household telephone surveys. The proposed method is based on a two-way stratification of telephone numbers. A weighted probability proportional to size sample allocation technique is used, with auxiliary variables about the telephone coverage rates, within local telephone exchanges of each substrata. This makes the sampling design nearly “self-weighting” in residential numbers when the prior information is well assigned. A computer program generates random numbers for the local areas within the existing phone capacities. A simulation study has shown greater sample allocation gain by the weighted probabilities proportional to size measures over other sample allocation methods. The amount of dialling required to obtain the sample is less than for proportional allocation. A decrease is also observed on the gain in sample allocation for some methods through the increasing sample sizes. 相似文献
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Corinna Treisch 《Accounting, Business & Financial History》2005,15(3):255-278
Natural Law has influenced German tax theories up to the present day. It has also influenced the request for the subsistence level exemption and the granting of a basic allowance, which only developed their full persuasiveness when derived from Natural Law. This paper shows that Natural Law tax theory (mid 1600s to early 1800s), based the subsistence level tax exemption on the right to live, the individualistic state contract theory and the ability-to-pay principle. It also reveals that Adam Smith's view regarding ability-to-pay as a basis for taxation was already contained in British Natural Law and in older German traditions. 相似文献
96.
旨在造福广大劳动者的劳动福利政策,实质上由劳资双方共同负担,某种情况下其对劳动者工资和就业的回挫效应还很大。劳动福利政策可行与否,取决于所产生的社会福利增加与成本之间的比较。若带来的社会福利超过社会成本,就可推行,社会感受到的福利越大,则该政策推行的必要性越大,反之则宜慎行。 相似文献
97.
W.J.J. Rey 《Statistica Neerlandica》1992,46(4):283-297
In the analysis of large tables of M variables on N observations one is interested in the relations between the variables and it is usual to inspect the M(M-1)/2 scatter plots of N points. Clearly, the scatter plot approach relies on visual inspection and is to be preferred in so far as applicable to detect simple relations, namely when M is small. Other approaches are needed for large values of M .
We consider that only the relatively few scatter plots that present a 'structure' are of interest for an exploratory analysis and, by 'structure', we mean a domain of specially high local density in the plot. Based on this concept, we propose a method constructed around two steps: the selection of the possibly interesting pairs of variables and the validation of the corresponding scatter plots. The selection of the pairs results from an algorithm based on a binary partitioning tree. The validation of the corresponding scatter plots enables the production of only those where a structure is found the recognition of a structure is derived from a statistic based on the length of the Minimum Spanning Tree constructed on the N points of the candidate scatter plot.
For illustration, we report on an industrial application where the method is routinely applied for exploratory purposes. 相似文献
We consider that only the relatively few scatter plots that present a 'structure' are of interest for an exploratory analysis and, by 'structure', we mean a domain of specially high local density in the plot. Based on this concept, we propose a method constructed around two steps: the selection of the possibly interesting pairs of variables and the validation of the corresponding scatter plots. The selection of the pairs results from an algorithm based on a binary partitioning tree. The validation of the corresponding scatter plots enables the production of only those where a structure is found the recognition of a structure is derived from a statistic based on the length of the Minimum Spanning Tree constructed on the N points of the candidate scatter plot.
For illustration, we report on an industrial application where the method is routinely applied for exploratory purposes. 相似文献
98.
文章以江西省农村低保制度为对象,通过结构访谈、问卷调查方法收集相关数据,并运用因子分析、多元回归方法分析社会救助规则实施过程中的弹性问题。研究发现,行政权力、封闭性关系、信息、地方性人力资本等因素塑造了规则弹性的多样化形态,在规则弹性模型中发挥着不同作用:信息、地方性人力资本对规则弹性有正向影响,而行政集权(类体制内控制)、封闭性关系对规则弹性有显著约束作用,但研究未能发现行政分权(政策性优惠因素)对规则弹性的显著作用。结果表明,权力-关系网络机制和信息-人力资本机制对规则弹性有着互为反向的作用;而且,与权力-关系网络机制相比,信息-人力资本机制的解释作用更为突出一些。 相似文献
99.
四川退耕还林工程自1999年启动以来,取得了显著的生态效益和社会经济效益。文章通过对四川退耕还林典型地区的调查,总结出两类主要的退耕农户自我发展模式,并对其优点和存在的问题进行了分析,最后从寻找适合农户自我发展模式,保障农户长远发展和巩固退耕还林成果的角度,总结了许多有益的经验和启示。 相似文献
100.
Olive oil production and soil conservation in southern Spain, in relation to EU subsidy policies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The European Union spent about two billion ECU per year on subsidies for the olive oil sector, of which Spain received about 35%. For the rainfed areas in southern Spain the olive oil sector is crucial, and so are these subsidies. The European Commission has formulated two options to change the subsidy system, but these do not take the production systems and environmental aspects into account. Many olive plantations are affected by soil erosion. This paper analyses the olive tree production systems in southern Spain, the subsidy systems and the soil erosion problems. It then raises the question whether the subsidies could not be provided in a different way, in order to make olive tree cultivation more sustainable by reducing soil erosion and flood hazard. 相似文献