On the Scope for International Tax Cooperation: The Role of Capital Controls

Tax competition between independent authorities is known to lead to inefficient outcomes, implying there is scope for cooperation. In an international framework where the authorities are national governments, the undesirable features of tax competition may alternatively be mitigated by imposing restrictions on international capital flows. Using a two-country model it is shown that capital controls may fully remedy the adverse effects of tax competition and thereby render tax cooperation superfluous. In more general cases, however, capital controls have some undesirable side-effects, leaving room for cooperative actions. Moreover, the mere option of imposing capital controls may promote the implementation of tax cooperation.     

立足上海市场 迎接跨世纪挑战

跨世纪的竞争是高层次竞争。作为驻沪地勘企业，在未来的竞争中将面临着新的严峻考验。本文在总结近几年开拓上海工勘市场经验的基础上，提出了苦练内功，强化内部建设和管理，迎接跨世纪竞争的构想     

Patent Protection, Transnational Corporations, and Market Structure: A Simulation Study of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

This study examines the role of patent protection on the behavior of transnational corporations and market structure in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The method of analysis is the calibration of a theoretical model to firm-level data from two therapeutic groups of the Indian pharmacy market, and a simulation analysis asking the hypothetical question of what the market structure would be if India granted patent protection to pharmaceutical products. The model developed for the simulation analysis explicitly accounts for the complex demand structure for pharmaceutical goods that results from the presence of therapeutic substitute drugs, and product differentiation among chemically equivalent drugs.     

我国区域经济政策调整的趋势性框架

近年来,随着一系列促进区域协调发展战略和政策的实施,我国区域经济格局出现了一些积极的变化,在推进区域协调发展方面取得了显著的成绩。在区域竞争模式的主导下,现阶段,区域发展在效率、公平、可持续方面的问题依然突出。推进区域协调发展,要准确把握区域发展的国际经验和客观规律,明确界定各级政府间的权责、改变GDP至上的地方竞争模式。就具体策略而言,要消除各种限制要素流动的体制和政策,推进基本公共服务均等化,严格环境生态等方面的社会性规制,改变区域政策碎片化趋势。     

网络型基础设施产业的过度竞争问题分析——以我国电信业为例

在网络型基础设施产业中,市场竞争通常很难达到适宜的程度,竞争不足或竞争过度的现象都有可能出现。对过度竞争的顾虑深刻地影响着网络型基础设施产业放松管制改革的方式和时机的选择。本文在学术界已有研究的基础之上,以市场竞争程度较高的电信业为例,系统地分析了我国网络型基础设施产业的过度竞争问题。     

第三方支付企业间的竞争和发展分析

随着电子商务在国内的快速发展,电子商务对电子支付的需求增强,第三方支付平台市场规模增长极其迅速。随着第三方支付平台市场规模的迅速增长,第三方支付企业之间的竞争日趋激烈,第三方支付企业与银行之间、第三方支付企业与企业之间及在我国目前面临的政策环境下第三方支付企业如何生存和发展显得尤为重要。     

BERTRAND COMPETITION CAN YIELD HIGHER PRICES THAN MONOPOLY

If we take into account the spatial dimension of markets, prices of incumbent firms may be higher and consumer surplus may be lower with competition than with monopoly. This result obtains unambiguously, even in the supposedly highly competitive case of Bertrand competition. Moreover, we are able to show that consumers of the commodity may be worse off with duopoly, if the distance between the firms' sites is sufficiently large.     

Banking deregulation and credit risk: Evidence from the EU

This paper studies the effect of banking deregulation on credit risk. Its theoretical model shows that a bank is willing to invest more resources in screening borrowers when there is an entry threat, even though loan rates are driven lower. Thus, deregulation may result in improved loan quality and lower credit risk. This result is tested using bank-level balance sheet data and macroeconomic data for the European Union. The data reveal that competition intensified after the completion of the Second Banking Directive, while loan quality improved in most markets. Evidence is found that the loan quality improvement is associated with lower interest margin.     

基于社会责任角度对垄断国企上缴利润的思考

垄断企业得到垄断的超额利润,会导致社会贫富差距进一步分化,造成社会福利的损失。我国垄断企业的超额利润长期稳定存在。从增加社会福利的角度考虑,应加强垄断国有企业对垄断超额利润的上缴,并构建相应的垄断国企上缴利润的制度框架,实现有效的收入再分配。这是基于社会责任对垄断国有企业提出的要求。     

知识溢出与区域经济增长的关系研究综述

在知识溢出与区域经济增长的关系上，存在MAR溢出、雅各布斯溢出、波特溢出三种不同的观点。MAR假说偏爱低竞争与产业专业化；波特也偏爱专业化，但赞成高竞争；而雅各布斯赞同高竞争与产业多样化。这三种假说都得到了实证经验的支持，结论差异的原因在于使用的方法、样本的时间和变量选取、研究的国家或地区的特征与产业不同。