工程硕士知识体系构建与创新思维

本文分析在新的软件技术环境下对人才的需求与培养以及如何通过创新的思维模式和平台设计,建立符合工程硕士培养的通道,提升工程硕士的实践应用能力,体现人才优势和社会价值。     

The relationship between knowledge sourcing and fear of imitation

When firms tap external knowledge sources, they risk spillovers of their own internal knowledge. If the value of this potential loss and the imitation capabilities of neighboring organizations are high, fear of imitation might overshadow the benefits of openness. In such situations, firms might voluntarily reduce their use of external sources, relative to knowledge available internally. Data pertaining to 4,623 European inventions and direct information about the use of knowledge sources confirm that firms reduce their use of external, relative to internal, knowledge when they conduct costly research projects in locations characterized by high levels of absorptive capacity in a specific technology. This study also reveals fear of imitation as a mediating factor of this behavior. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unsettling Neoliberal Rationalities: Engaged Ethnography and the Meanings of Responsibility in the Dominican Republic and Mexico

Neoliberal urban environmental governance is premised in part on the development of collaborative arrangements between state and non‐state actors through which residents in informal settlements are encouraged to participate in their own governance. The neoliberal rationality of participation is implemented through governmental techniques such as responsibilization, whereby residents are rendered responsible for provision of basic environmental services previously seen as the responsibility of government authorities. However, neoliberal urban governance is incomplete, fragmented and fractured, affording room for maneuvering and innovative social agency, whereby residents mimic, reinterpret, negotiate and contest neoliberal subject formations. In this article, we discuss how engaged scholarship can facilitate such alternative productions of neoliberal subjectivities through the development of ‘knowledge encounters'. We draw on cases of solid waste management and environmental risk governance in the informal settlements of Los Platanitos, Santo Domingo Norte, Dominican Republic, and Gaviotas Sur, Villahermosa, Mexico, to suggest that knowledge encounters facilitated through engaged ethnography furnish stages for alternative conceptions of responsibility, whereby residents negotiate neoliberal techniques of governance through diverse forms of acquiescence, reconfiguration and contestation.     

The mediating roles of governance mechanisms and knowledge transfer on the relationship between specific investments and cooperative innovation performance

This study seeks to understand the influence of specific investments (SIs) to cooperative innovation performance (CIP) by examining the mediating roles of knowledge transfer (KT) and governance mechanisms (GMs), including formal contracts (FCs) and relational trust (RT). A sample of 238 projects is used to test the proposed model through structural equation modelling. The results show SIs act indirectly through RT to influence CIP. KT plays a mediating role between the two GMs and CIP. Moreover, the results suggest that the mediating effect of KT between FCs and performance is full; however its effect between RT and performance is only partial, and the mediating effect of RT between SIs and performance is also partial.     

知识创新与组织结构形式

本文提出一个分类框架,用以解释知识创新和组织结构形式如何交互作用,从而形成组织的学习和知识创新的能力。作者认为,组织的知识蕴藏于组织之中,植根于各个组织的协作机制,而后者则深受组织结构形式的影响。指出,组织学习和知识创新模式与组织结构形式密切相关。     

美国“新经济”时代带给我们的启示

到今年３ 月份美国经济已经实现了９６个月的持续增长， 这引起世界经济学界的普遍关注， 他们认为一个新的经济时代在美国已经到来。美国经济本次长期扩张的原因主要有高科技产业的拉动、适当的经济政策以及国际经济一体化等。我们应从中获得启迪， 加快我国经济体制改革的步伐， 积极实行对外开放政策， 培育和发展高新技术产业， 促进我国经济的持续、稳定、健康发展。     

知识经济时代的全球人才竞争

市场竞争最重要的是人力资源的竞争。面对知识经济时代， 面对发达国家对发展中国家激烈的人才竞争， 我国必须做出积极有效的反应， 转变观念， 采取措施， 正确认识人才的价值， 完善市场调节机制， 积极参与全球人才竞争， 为知识经济时代奠定必要的人力资源基础。     

Endogenous International Technology Spillovers and Biased Technical Change in Agriculture

This paper analyzes trade-related knowledge flows from an innovating country to other countries. It is assumed that knowledge is embodied in commodities traded between countries and that the potential productivity of this knowledge is determined by the local usability of foreign technologies. The usability of foreign knowledge is dependent on the local absorption capacity (such as knowledge infrastructure and human capital) and on structural differences (factor endowments or climate) between countries. In agriculture, a large portion of the knowledge is embodied in inputs which cause factor-biased technical change in the receiving sectors. Trade-related knowledge transmission is introduced in an applied multi-region general equilibrium model (GTAP) to study the macro-economic and sectoral impacts of knowledge spillovers and of trade policies. Endogenous embodied technology spillovers bear some important implications for trade policy, because protective measures preclude countries not only from cheaper imports but also from foreign technologies.     

Analysis of knowledge investment type and its function in Gannan navel orange characteristic industry clusters

The dominant knowledge is primary, and the recessive knowledge is less in Gannan navel orange characteristic industry clusters （GNOCIC for short）. The increase knowledge is the main; the storage quantity knowledge is less in the dominant knowledge. In the process of formation and development of GNOCIC, the government becomes the main body of knowledge investment in GNOCIC. There are mainly two investment ways of technology of plant and management in navel orange pre-natal, mid-production, post-natal period. Namely, firstly, with the help of the news media; secondly, run training class with the aid of government function department, and the association and so on. Regarding the effective operation and the protection of profession criterion, standard and intellectual property rights, the government mainly adopts administration, law and economical method carrying on investment. The knowledge investment of government accelerates powerfully GNOCIC to form.     

Healthier futures: primary care nurses’ food knowledge and patient advice

In Finland there are valid questions being asked about the sustainability of the current provision in state healthcare systems. Structurally, lower birth rates and greater longevity mean that populations age and present the challenge of chronic illness management in later life for a larger proportion of the population. Culturally, some 50 years after the introduction of a state healthcare system, ageing populations will have greater expectations of service quality than their predecessors. Paradoxically, they will also have a greater engagement with lifestyles which themselves will bring new challenges to long‐term health status. There is no single solution to the complex problem of service sustainability but undoubtedly health education provides some potential to limit future demands. Diet‐related illness and incapacity are specific health challenges for the coming decades but the problems can be substantially reduced by changing current behaviour. To make such changes possible, knowledge needs to be communicated effectively in terms of simplicity, accuracy and with appropriate timing. Health education can make a major contribution to service sustainability. This paper reports a study of primary care nurses (n = 50) in the Tampere area and examines their capacity to provide healthy eating advice. In this sample, nurses often demonstrated good levels of nutritional knowledge on which to base patient advice, but there was considerable variation. Arguably, focused in‐service training would provide updating on theory and practice for more consistent advice and better prospects for behavioural change.