明代中后期政权运作与亵渎帝王小说创作

兴盛于明代中后期的亵渎帝王的小说创作风气由多层面的机缘促成,但若仅就政权运作层面来讲,除了有最高统治者的行为导向外,当道官员的权力运作、政权运作体系本身的建构状态也是其中的重要因素,此为明代政权集团不同权力阶层共同运作、政权运作体系本身建构坏损共同促成的结果。这些亵渎帝王的小说严重损伤了国家的威严,于朱明王朝的治化是极为不利的。然而若就小说创作发展而言,这有利于小说创作题材的丰富、多元,是值得肯定的。     

基于关系营销理论的国内电子邮件营销的新应用

本文通过分析引入关系营销这一理论,分析电子邮件营销(EDM)的特点以及国内外的发展概况,并通过关系营销的理论提出国内电子邮件营销的新应用,为企业进行电子邮件营销带来新的策略。     

Economic assessment of doripenem versus imipenem in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the most common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients, is associated with significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and increased mortality, hospital days, and health-care costs. A previously published prospective, randomized study established the noninferiority of intravenous (IV) doripenem versus IV imipenem/cilastatin (‘imipenem‘) for VAP. This study compares the economic outcomes of IV therapy with doripenem versus imipenem as first-line treatment for VAP.

Methods: A decision-analytic model of inpatient care and outcomes for VAP was used to estimate costs associated with VAP treatment. The model calculates total hospital costs, comprising costs of initial and concomitant therapy, and costs associated with mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stays, and total days in hospital.

Results: Total treatment costs for doripenem were $10,630 lower than for imipenem ($71,259 vs. 81,889), driven primarily by differences in costs of mechanical ventilation ($45,224 for doripenem, $57,348 for imipenem). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses found doripenem consistently cost saving versus imipenem in 1,000 simulations. Study limitations include use of a simple model to represent a complex disease process and reliance on trial data that may not reflect real-world care and outcomes.

Conclusions: Doripenem is a cost saving first-line treatment for VAP versus imipenem while providing an equivalent rate of cure.     

世界杀菌剂开发进展及趋势

综述了近年来世界杀菌剂新品种的开发进展，并介绍了杀菌剂工业发展的一些新特点。     

Covid-19, Economic Growth and South African Fiscal Policy

Following years of fast-rising debt levels, we show that the Covid-19 crisis worsened an already deteriorating fiscal position in South Africa. To restore fiscal sustainability in the aftermath of the crisis some commentators argue that higher government expenditure will grow GDP sufficiently to stabilise the debt/GDP ratio. We reject this, showing that although a real increase in expenditure stimulates economic growth (a short-run, once-off effect), the public expenditure/GDP ratio exceeds the level at which an increase in the ratio positively impacts growth. We then explore the past efforts of government to maintain or restore fiscal sustainability by estimating a fiscal reaction function using a Markov-switching model. Following the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the budget, we subsequently establish the deficit, expenditure and revenue adjustments that the government will have to make to restore fiscal sustainability. Finally, we consider the merits of introducing a debt ceiling.     

水平受荷单桩变形内力的新解法

针对水平受荷单桩变形内力的求解提出了一种新解法.根据基地反力系数三参数模型、线弹性地基上的Euler-Bernoulli梁理论和微段平衡条件,建立了以桩身响应表示的状态空间方程组.为了使状态空间方程线性化,将桩均匀化为若干小段,并且假定任一小段上地基反力系数为常数.利用所有桩小段的状态空间方程组、桩顶及桩底处的边界条件、桩段之间的变形内力连续条件和矩阵分析理论,获得了求解水平荷载单桩内力与变形的状态空间解.采用Matlab编制了计算程序,通过特例的解与已有半解析解进行对比来验证解的可靠性.最后,分析了桩底约束条件以及土体参数对桩身响应的影响.计算结果表明：状态空间法是一种易于程序编制、计算精度又易于控制的方法;当桩长较大时,桩底约束条件对桩身响应的影响很小;地基反力系数中的指数以及反映地表处土体抗侧向变形能力的参数对桩身响应的影响很大,不容忽视.     

论小说《围城》的艺术特征

小说《围城》的艺术特征主要表现为：设置主题展开的主线。虚拟性的背景。人物的平面化，由悖论、反仿、反讽与滑稽讽刺等修辞技巧形成的创作原则、结构方式及思想方法等。     

英雄传奇小说的生成及文化内涵

英雄传奇小说作为中国古典小说四大类型之一,有着自身独特的生成轨迹。经过研究,认为英雄传奇小说的生成轨迹起源于上古神话和先秦史传文学,过渡于汉魏小说、唐传奇,积累于宋元话本、元杂剧,最后成熟于明清时期;同时,英雄传奇小说的生成有着深厚的文化内涵。这里试图论述英雄传奇小说在明清成熟时期之前的生成轨迹及其在生成过程中所体现的文化内涵。     

越南汉文小说发展的不平衡性

越南汉文小说虽然移植了中国古代小说的创作传统,但它的发展是不平衡的,主要表现在小说题材、模仿类别、小说艺术及小说作者等方面。出现不平衡的原因,从小说外部讲,主要涉及越南社会历史状况的特殊性、汉文学在越南的地位,以及文学表达工具等问题;从小说内部讲,主要涉及小说创作传统和汉文小说家创作心理的问题。     

小说创作策略:空白与未定性

空白意识是文学艺术家特有的诗化感觉方式,也是文学作品旨在追求的极致。作为文学作品的内在结构,它具有一种多层次性、未确定性审美特征。当这种未定性领域作为一种不完全的“形”呈现给读者时,必然会给读者的接受活动造成审美张力的对峙,它强烈要求读者调动自己的经验、情绪、思想等审美积淀,去联想,去填充,以最终消解这些张力而走向完形,得出自己对作品的独特见解。这种意义空白与未定性作为小说创作的美学策略主要表现在语言符号层、艺术形象层和内在意蕴层三个方面。