云南省新型城镇化与生态环境协调度研究

[目的]通过对云南省新型城镇化与生态环境协调发展进行研究,对其时空耦合关系进行分析,旨在为促进云南省城乡统筹发展提供科学的参考。[方法]文章运用耦合度与协调度评价模型对云南省新型城镇化与生态环境发展时空耦合关系进行分析,并对云南省新型城镇化水平和生态环境效益进行测算,从空间分析两者发展的差异。[结果]在新型城镇化水平空间分布中,只有昆明市处于高水平,中等及以上水平的只有玉溪市和曲靖市,其余13个市(州)则处于较低水平以下,在生态环境效益空间分布中,只有迪庆处于高水平,处于较高和中等水平的有怒江和丽江,其余13市(州)则处于较低水平以下。[结论]云南省新型城镇化发展与生态环境效益水平在空间上存在较大差异,从空间分布情况来看,其新型城镇化水平呈现从中部向周边递减的特征,基于可持续发展理念,根据地区发展实际制定相关政策,加强各市(州)间的合作交流,是缩小地区间差异,推进新型城镇化水平的关键环节;新型城镇化快速发展对生态环境有着较高要求,云南省新型城镇化与生态环境发展还未达到高水平耦合阶段,但是其协调程度在不断提升;减少新型城镇化发展中资源分配不均及资源利用的不合理对生态环境的破坏是提升云南新型城镇化发展的关键。     

厦门市旅游资源评价及其深度开发策略

以国家标准（GB／T18972-2003）进行旅游资源普查所获得的资料为依据,从旅游资源的构成类型、质量和空间分布对厦门市旅游资源进行了评价,分析了厦门市旅游资源的开发条件,指出建立旅游资源信息系统,提升城市旅游形象,加大对社会旅游资源的开发利用以及加强区域合作可以促进厦门市旅游业的进一步发展。     

基于乡村旅游的阿坝州生态环境可持续发展评价

[目的]基于乡村旅游发展背景,对阿坝州生态环境可持续发展进行研究,通过分析其发展水平及变化趋势,以期对阿坝州生态环境保护及乡村经济社会发展提供科学的参考建议。[方法]基于阿坝州生态环境现状,以经济发展、社会发展、资源利用以及乡村旅游发展4个系统构建评价指标体系,通过熵值法计算各指标权重,通过构建模糊综合评价模型计算2010-2016年的生态环境的可持续发展水平。[结果]阿坝州生态环境可持续发展综合得分在2010-2016年处于不断上升的状态,从2010年的0. 133增长到2016年的0. 820,变化幅度明显,阿坝州生态环境可持续性与经济社会发展处于相互协调的良性发展水平。[结论](1)社会发展可持续水平在4个系统中的权重值最大,通过发展乡村旅游对平衡生态环境承载力具有重要的推动作用;(2)协调经济发展、资源环境开发与乡村旅游开发的关系,是实现阿坝州生态环境系统可持续发展的关键;(3)阿坝州乡村旅游发展在整体生态环境可持续系统中的贡献值逐渐增大,如何通过乡村旅游发展提升经济社会可持续发展水平是阿坝州实现乡村振兴和全面小康目标的重要途径。     

Measurement of patient-reported outcomes. 1: The search for the Holy Grail

Abstract

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to collect information directly from patients. They may cover several different types of outcomes ranging from symptoms, functioning, utility, satisfaction, through to quality-of-life (QoL). They generally consist of self-completed questionnaires that can be administered by means of hard copies or in a range of electronic formats. PROMs vary considerably in terms of the constructs they assess, the care with which they are developed, and their scientific quality. However, none of the PROMs available approach the quality of measurement achieved by measures/instruments used in physics. PROs are examples of latent variables. These are not directly observable, but can be inferred from, for example, responses to a questionnaire. The only measure of a latent variable that approaches the quality of measurement achieved by the physical sciences is the Lexile Framework for Reading. This framework is based on a construct theory that grew out of an analysis of several available reading measures. A specification equation was generated that was able to link the construct theory to scores obtained with the Lexile measure. A fundamental requirement of this quality of measurement is that the data collected with the model fit Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT). It is argued that PROM developers should aspire to match this level of measurement sophistication if their instruments are to provide valid insights into the impacts of disease and its treatment.     

Measurements and determinants of multifaceted poverty in South Africa

Poverty, despite being a multifaceted concept, is commonly measured in either absolute or relative monetary terms. However, it can also be measured subjectively, as people form perceptions on their relative income, welfare and life satisfaction. This is the first study that uses the National Income Dynamics Study data to analyse poverty across various objective and subjective methods. The paper finds that while respondents' poverty status varies across methods, blacks remain the racial group most likely to be defined as poor by at least one method. The multivariate analysis reveals that the impact of some explanatory variables, such as experience of negative events, frequency of crime victimisation, health status and importance of religious activities, is mixed across methods.     

客体物象对主体形象的暗示和显现——《觉醒》中“鸟”和“大海”的象征意义

《觉醒》是19世纪末美国著名女作家凯特·肖邦的代表作,也是美国文学史上一部女权主义杰作。作品中鸟和大海的物象具有对主人公形象及其生命历程的暗示和显现作用,从而显示出深邃而丰富的内涵和鲜明而独特的象征意义。     

论税收政策及其政策目标与政策手段的选择

税收政策是政府社会经济政策的重要组成部分 ,税收政策的运用 ,主要取决于税收政策目标和税收政策手段的选择。从税收政策、税收政策目标及其税收政策手段的内涵及抉择条件入手 ,对现阶段我国税收政策目标的确定、税收政策手段的选择路径提出若干建议     

主客位视角在少数民族地区研究中应用的思考

现代化进程加速,少数民族地区社会发展成为重要议题,民族学作为专门研究不同民族的学科,承担着科学、客观及准确认知各个民族并为政府提供政策性建议,推动民族地区繁荣发展的重任。而民族学一向重视研究视角的选择,因为这关系到能否获得对研究问题的可靠认识。通过选取少数民族社会研究中的四个问题予以探讨,阐释关于民族学两种传统研究视角在民族地区现实问题研究中应用的思考,希望能为正确认识少数民族社会发展中遇到的问题与困境,进而促进民族地区健康、和谐及可持续发展提供有益见解。     

Note on the applicability of the VCG mechanism to capacitated assignment problems and extensions

For the allocation of heterogeneous items, it is known that the buyers-are-substitutes condition is necessary and sufficient to ensure that a pricing equilibrium can yield the same allocation and payments as the VCG mechanism. Furthermore, concavity of the corresponding transferable utility TU-game guarantees that this VCG outcome can also be achieved by an ascending price auction. We show that concavity, and hence the buyers-are-substitutes condition, holds for the TU-game of the assignment problem with general capacities. Therefore, the VCG mechanism is supported by a pricing equilibrium which can also be achieved by an ascending auction. We also show that the buyers-are-substitutes condition, and hence concavity, does not hold anymore for very natural and straightforward extensions of this problem. This shows that the necessity of the substitutes property is a considerable restriction on the applicability of the VCG mechanism.     

基于金融稳定的货币政策框架修正研究

文章构造了一个四期二叉树模型,对货币稳定和金融稳定的关系进行了分析,发现仅以维护货币稳定为目标的货币政策无法同时实现金融稳定。基于此,文章对货币政策框架进行了修正,将货币稳定和金融稳定纳入统一的货币政策框架予以考察,并对我国货币政策的实践进行了实证分析。VAR检验结果表明,银行信贷增长率和房地产价格指数都是我国货币政策应当关注的金融稳定指标。货币政策应根据金融稳定指标进行逆周期调控,调控重点是金融稳定指标预期,而非稳定指标本身。