Educational upgrading,structural change and the task composition of jobs in Europe

We analyze the changes in the task content of jobs in 24 European countries between 1998 and 2015. We link the O*NET occupational data with the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU‐LFS), and use the methodology of Acemoglu and Autor ( 2011 ). We find that the intensity of non‐routine cognitive tasks grew in all countries, while the intensity of manual tasks declined. Workforce upskilling was the major factor contributing to these developments. The intensity of routine cognitive tasks grew in most Central and Eastern European countries, but it declined in Western European countries. This difference is attributed to the contrasting patterns of structural changes in these groups of countries.     

Human Capital Factors Affecting Human Resource (HR) Managers' Commitment to HR and the Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Value on HR

Human resource (HR) managers’ commitment to their occupation (HR) leads to the proper delivery and implementation of HR practices and, therefore, is deemed as a critical factor for the success of HR practices. Based on sociocognitive, human capital, and signaling theories, this study examines: (a) HR managers’ own and their chief HR officer's (CHRO) HR‐specific human capital as antecedents of their commitment to HR, and (b) the mediating mechanism through which the CHRO’s HR‐specific human capital positively influences HR managers’ commitment to HR. Based on 146 HR managers from 146 organizations in South Korea, the findings of the current study suggest that HR managers with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital and those working with CHROs with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital tend to have higher levels of commitment to HR. In addition, CHROs with higher levels of HR‐specific human capital positively influence HR managers’ commitment to HR by signaling to them that HR and its function are valued and cared about by their organizations. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed along with study limitations and further research directions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A tool for analysing the interdependence of indoor environmental quality and reported symptoms of the hospitals’ personnel

The working environment and the working conditions can influence the well-being of hospital employees and consequently their performance at work. The present questionnaire-based study (737 valid questionnaires) developed and evaluated a quantitative structural equation model (SEM) that examines the interdependence between the indoor environmental quality (IEQ), the working conditions, the atopic constituents and the reported health complains of employees in three Greek hospitals. The results of the SEM reveal that IEQ could partially explain the employees’ symptoms in the hospitals. The working conditions proved to be a key factor in the relationship between IEQ and symptoms. Multi-group analysis has shown that this interdependence is affected by the building characteristics, by the gender, the smoking habits and the specialty of each participant, but not by their age.     

英国养老金金融化改革的经验和启示

文章梳理了英国养老金制度改革历程,归纳了三个支柱改革的金融化导向及表现,分析了金融化改革对第二、三支柱养老金覆盖率、缴费率、投资收益和基金积累的影响,以及生命周期化投资、养老金债券等金融创新在应对低利率风险、金融危机冲击风险中的作用.基于英国养老金金融化改革经验,结合我国企业年金和个人养老金发展的实际,总结了引入"自动加入"制度、发展集合年金计划、完善税收优惠、推行审慎监管、鼓励养老金生命周期投资创新以及改革基础养老金制度为职业年金和个人养老金金融化改革创造条件等结论和启示.     

Gender segregation and earnings differences in the Spanish labour market

This article analyses the effects of different types of gender segregation on the gender wage differential for the Spanish labour market. Matched employer–employee data from a sample of 226,535 workers are used. These workers are employed in 61 occupations within 26,492 establishments in 51 different industries. Workers belonging to the same industry, establishment or job share common factors which cannot be observed and these factors affect wages. If these unobservable variables are correlated with the explanatory variables, their estimated effects will be biased. For this reason, we estimate the effects of each type of gender segregation on the wage gap using a robust specification to these possible correlations. We obtain that industrial segregation by gender explains a lower part of the wage gap between men and women than previous researches found using standard regressions, while the contributions of establishment segregation and occupational segregation within each establishment are greater.     

Seasonal hotel jobs: an occupation and a way of life

Research for the present study was undertaken in the summer of 1995. This paper seeks to identify whether Salaman's notion of ‘occupational communities’ exists in a sample of six British seasonal seaside hotels, a relatively unexplored sector of the hotel industry. Briefly, occupational communities have as their major focus the job itself and they are also characterised by a fusing of work and leisure activities. Interviews with 30 hotel workers indicate that seasonal, and particularly live-in workers, tend to form distinct ‘occupational communities’. These communities, however, are different to ‘traditional’ occupational communities in a number of respects. Most importantly, instead of the job itself being the focus for community formation, job importance is replaced by work situations characterised by hedonism and close social bonding. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工作幸福感导向的工作要求-控制-支持模型研究述评

个体工作幸福感的提升机制是长期以来理论界关注的热点问题之一,工作特征被认为是影响个体工作幸福感提升的一类关键因素。在工作特征与个体工作幸福感之间关系的研究中,工作幸福感导向的工作要求-控制-支持模型是最具影响力和解释力的一个理论模型,其相关研究把工作特征归结为工作要求、工作控制和与工作相关的社会支持三个方面,并分析了这三个方面对个体工作幸福感影响的综合效应及其相关作用机制。文章在系统地梳理工作幸福感导向的工作要求-控制-支持模型的理论渊源、基本理论假设及其实证研究结果、拓展研究等基础上,指出了后续研究有待进一步探讨的五个方向并提出了相应的研究建议。     

加快我国企业年金发展亟待解决的问题

税收优惠政策有利于鼓励企业设立和职工参加企业年金计划。我国税收优惠政策缺乏已经成为阻碍我国企业年金发展的一个根本性问题。为了加快我国企业年金制度的发展,我国企业年金税制模式应采取EET模式。     

如何有效提高广西高职会计学原理课程的教学质量

会计学原理又称基础会计学,是高职高专经济管理专业的专业基础课程,更是会计专业课程的奠基石。文章结合广西高职会计专业学生的特点,从教学材料和教学方法两大方面论述如何提高会计学原理课程的教学质量。     

基于ISO9001:2008标准构建QEO一体化管理体系

质量管理体系(QMS)、环境管理体系(EMS)及职业健康安全管理体系(OHSMS)在构建和独立运行等过程中存在着诸多问题,为此,不少组织提出了构建QEO一体化管理体系的要求。构建QEO一体化管理体系应以ISO9001:2008标准的要求为主体有机整合ISO14001和OHSAS18001标准的要求,保证对所有要素的有效控制。