The managed heart: The structural analysis of the stressor–strain relationship and customer orientation among emotional labor workers in Korean hotels

This study examined the structural relationships among three different dimensions of workplace stressors (customer-related stressor, CRS; work environment-related stressor, WERS; job-related stressor, JRS), negative affectivity (NA), emotional exhaustion (EE), and the negative effect of that strain on customer orientation (CO) in the context of the emotional labor (EL) of frontline employees in the hotel industry. Data were collected from self-administrated questionnaires distributed among frontline employees in room and F&B divisions in Korean deluxe tourist hotels, where EL is intense. The results of the structural equation analysis indicated a positive association between all three workplace stressors and NA and between NA and EE. There was also a relationship in the opposite direction with EE and CO, as hypothesized. The moderating effect of organizational level on the workplace stressors–NA relationships was also confirmed. In addition, in an alternative model, we found that NA partially mediates the relationship between JRS and EE; whereas, NA fully mediates the relationships between CRS/WERS and EE. Practical implications are discussed in detail and limitations of the study and future research directions are also suggested.     

Managing Swiss Hospitality: How cultural antecedents of innovation and customer-oriented value systems can influence performance in the hotel industry

Research into innovativeness and customer orientation in the service industry is burgeoning, yet our understanding of the antecedents and consequences of both activities in hospitality management remain unclear. To address this problem we investigate the link between corporate culture, indicators of innovativeness and business performance in the Swiss hotel industry, because the Swiss have a proclivity toward innovation as well as a long established record in hospitality management. Data were generated from 96 businesses in the hotel industry and the results were analysed using structural equation modeling. They suggest that cultural dimensions are positively associated with customer orientation, innovativeness, and company performance. The implications of the findings are discussed along with limitations and future research directions.     

旅游者认知地图研究综述

认知地图是行为地理学中的一个重要研究领域,本文在梳理认知地图的概念体系、地理学与心理学对认知地图研究基础上,综述了近30年国内外旅游者认知地图的研究.研究发现:①旅游者认知地图是具有空间定位功能的、动态的、三维的旅游环境综合表象;②受旅游活动特点和旅游地类型影响的旅游者形成了独特的认知地图类型与空间结构;③旅游者在环境习得速度和过程方面都与一般环境学习存在显著差异;④旅游者认知地图形成过程中的人类影响因素主要表现为游客类型影响因素;⑤旅游领域的研究多采用适合现场情境的方法和技术;⑥旅游者认知地图研究尚处于不成熟阶段,主要表现为研究思想、内容和方法技术等方面的缺陷.最后提出旅游者认知地图几个多学科的重要命题.旅游者认知地图研究对于旅游规划、旅游目的地营销和旅游空间行为研究具有一定理论和实践意义.     

邓小平政治体制改革思想的价值取向

政治体制改革是中国特色社会主义现代化建设事业的重要组成部分。对于政治体制改革,邓小平认为,建设高度的社会主义民主是其内在的价值诉求,解放和发展生产力是其最基本的价值取向,坚持人民群众的历史主体与价值主体地位是其终极的价值目标。     

我国体育彩票立法的回顾与评析

1994年开始发行体育彩票以来,体育彩票在我国的发行已经走过了十余年的历程。在这十余年中,我国的体育彩票取得了飞速发展。然而,我们在为所取得的成绩感到欣慰的同时,期间所出现的一些问题也引起了我们的反省与深思。例如,湖北省“4．20体育彩票案”、深圳体育彩票纠纷案等。当然,导致这些体育彩票案件出现的因素是多方面的,但立法的滞后显然已成为制约我国体育彩票进一步发展的最重要因素。为此,笔者通过对我国体育彩票立法的回顾与评析,期望能对我国体育彩票市场的规范、有序发展起到一定的作用。     

The desired level of market orientation and business unit performance

Existing studies of market orientation have hypothesized that the strength of the market orientation/performance relationship depends on environmental variables such as market turbulence, technological turbulence, and competitive intensity. To date most empirical studies have failed to confirm these hypotheses; however, these studies (1) assumed that performance is a linear function of the achieved level of market orientation and (2) tested whether environmental uncertainty moderates this relationship. A complementary explanation for the impact of environmental variables on a firm’s market orientation arises from studies of organizational behavior that link the need for coordination and control to environmental uncertainty and organizational strategy. Building on this perspective, the authors argue that (1) environmental uncertainty influences the desired level of market orientation and (2) the gap between the desired and achieved levels of market orientation influence business unit performance. The authors test these hypotheses with data collected from multiple respondents in 308 US firms. The data analysis confirms that the desired level of market orientation is a function of market turbulence, competitive intensity, technological turbulence, and innovation strategy. In addition, the desired level of market orientation positively influences the achieved level. Finally, when the achieved level of market orientation is less than the desired level, business unit performance is a negative function of the gap between the desired and achieved levels of market orientation.

基于区域协调发展的长江上游经济带的战略地位与发展定位

长江上游经济带肩负着引领西部广大欠发达地区实现经济社会协调发展的重要历史使命,其发展在西部大开发中具有重要的战略地位和作用。长江上游经济带的战略取向应为：对内实施地区联合发展模式,对外充分利用资源优势,实现与长江中下游的良好对接;其发展定位应是：注重特色产业和战略产业的发展,以成渝经济区为增长极。以城市化和工业化战略辐射和带动整个长江上游经济带发展,并实现生态建设和经济建设的有机结合。     

对大众化教育阶段高职院校功能定位与发展评价的思考

随着高等教育特别是高等职业教育的迅猛发展,我国的高等教育已进入大众化教育阶段。本文分析了大众化教育阶段的时代特点和历史要求,明确了高职院校发展的功能定位,提出了高职院校建设与发展的评价指标体系,这对于高职院校贯彻落实科学发展观具有重要意义。     

思想政治课教学的反思与回归

政治课教学的课堂不应该是没有生命力和灵性的“心灵屠宰场”,反思一下教学最终的价值取向如何,教学活动是预设还是生成,是否带有“绿色”,使政治课教学回归生活之中,让学生享受学习的乐趣,张扬自己的个性,体验人生的价值。     

试析旅游教育存在的问题与对策

旅游业可持续发展是当今旅游业的世界性课题,而即将到来的知识经济时代将对旅游业产生重大影响。在这种时代背景下,旅游教育成为一个备受关注的重要议题。由此指出了目前我国旅游教育存在的问题,并提出了相应的若干对策及建议。