Time-varying road network design for urban hazmat transportation

Hazmat transportation in cities faces significant risks that may cause catastrophic losses to humans. From the perspective of the regulator, the main responsibility is to mitigate hazmat transport risk by determining the availability of road networks to hazmat carriers. Based on the time-variant population distribution, the hazmat transport risk was assessed via the total population exposure associated with the resident and variable populations at different times. We propose a risk-minimizing urban hazmat road network design model for multiple types of hazmats, considering time-varying traffic. The model was applied to a realistic case study of hazmat transportation in a densely populated urban area with complex traffic in Shanghai, China.     

Dynamism and realignment in the HR architecture: Online labor platform ecosystems and the key role of contractors

Given the widespread contribution of independent contractors to organizational innovation and competitive advantage, it is timely to reassess assumptions about the HRM practices appropriate to their management and the rationale for organizations to work with them. In the original and highly influential HR architecture model of Lepak and Snell (1999), contractor status is viewed as an outcome of the low value and/or low uniqueness of human capital resulting in the proposition to externalize and manage them using either none or minimal compliance-based HRM practices. Developments in digital technologies and algorithmic management epitomized by online labor platforms prompt us to reconsider these assumptions and to challenge the proposed links between value/uniqueness of human capital, employment mode and HRM practices that are assumed by the HR architecture model. Using insights from online labor platforms, we argue that the significant benefits to firms of working with contractors, coupled with the possibilities offered by algorithmic management to efficiently monitor and regulate their behavior, provide a compelling reason for organizations to choose external employment modes even when workers are key to value creation. We challenge the alignment and stability of the relationships proposed by the HR architecture model, and offer propositions to extend the model by reconsidering the rationale for, and nature of, HRM practices associated with contractors. This reassessment is both timely and relevant given the growing prominence of business models where externalizing workers is central alongside the development of new forms of algorithmic human resource management to control them.     

VERTICAL GEOGRAPHIES,POLYVOCALITY AND THE EVERYDAY IN A DIVIDED CITY

The vertical turn in urban scholarship is a critique of the overly horizontal perspectives used in studying cities in academic research. This article broadens this scholarship by engaging with the ways that horizontal perspectives on urban conditions dominate not only scholarly perspectives but also professional responses to urban change. By drawing on research in the divided city of Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it argues for a ‘polyvocal’ approach to studying professional responses to urban conditions, one that facilitates a productive juxtaposition of those responses with city dwellers’ everyday engagements with the vertical qualities of the built environment. It also seeks to understand how vertical geographies—here, tall landmarks—in divided cities are seen as part of the complex urban realities of city dwellers in strategies of urban planning and heritage-making related to postwar reconciliation. These findings are compared with ethnographic data about how people make sense of tall landmarks in divided cities and how they experience and interpret them in relation to senses of togetherness and belonging to divided cities. By putting these two lines of research in a dialogue, the ‘polyvocal' approach offers a way to rethink conventional strategies of urban reconciliation and taken-for-granted ways of conceptualizing cities.     

CFO事务所经历与公司自愿信息披露——基于业绩预告的经验证据

CFO作为公司财务负责人,对公司盈余信息披露具有重要影响。基于业绩预告披露视角,以2006—2020年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,探究CFO事务所经历对公司自愿信息披露的影响,研究发现,CFO有事务所经历的公司更倾向于自愿发布业绩预告并提高业绩预告精确度。并且,上述效应在CFO有“四大”会计师事务所经历时更为显著。横截面分析发现,当外部环境不确定性较高或公司信息环境较差时,CFO事务所经历更可能通过自愿发布精确度高的业绩预告来改善信息环境。业绩预告异质性分析表明,CFO有事务所经历的公司会发布更及时、高频和准确的盈余信息,从而提高业绩预告披露质量。     

从系统观点看基础研究的环境建设

尝试将基础研究的诸多问题置于系统论的理论体系下进行考察,运用系统论的要素观点、层次观点、边界观点、反馈观点等,讨论基础研究的环境建设问题,并针对基础研究的体制和管理问题提出改进建议。     

海域"双评价"的实践与应用——以温州为例

"双评价"(资源环境承载能力评价和国土空间开发适宜性评价)作为构建国土空间基本战略格局的科学基础尚未延伸至海洋层面。海域"双评价"作为沿海地区国土空间规划工作的重要内容,存在理论缺失、技术方法不完善等问题。文章以海域功能理论为基础,从人类海洋活动出发,探索海域"双评价"的实践方案,建立"双评价"到海域利用优化的科学逻辑,指出基于"双评价"的海域利用冲突识别是海洋空间规划的关键。以温州市海域为例,基于本底资源从空间、渔业、环境和生态四方面进行单要素承载力测算,以此获得海域综合承载力作为监测预警的标志。选择渔业用海和建设用海两类典型用海进行适宜性分析,确定海洋空间利用的最优布局,判断海域利用空间冲突。结果表明:温州市沿海区县的海洋承载能力差异较大,资源环境分化严重,龙湾区与洞头区渔业资源开发超载;乐清市与龙湾区的海洋环境超载。渔业用海适宜面积占比较低且分布于远海地带。不适宜区域集中于瓯江、飞云江、鳌江三江入海口岸海域。建设用海适宜区域集中于近岸海域,远海区域距离城镇与交通较远,自然条件中水深较深,成本较高。苍南县和平阳县海域利用冲突较少,用海布局合理。乐清市、龙湾区与洞头区存在显著冲突。"双评价"的实践与应用是指导沿海地区海洋经济发展与海洋资源保护的关键,能够综合识别海洋利用的冲突,有助于沿海地区海洋空间规划。     

我国环境民事公益诉讼原告资格探究

随着社会工业经济的不断发展,环境污染不断加剧,这对民事环境公益诉讼是一个巨大的挑战。为此,但2012年新民诉法修改增加了环境公益诉讼的内容,但其中对诉讼主体只做出了泛泛的规定。逐步阐明"环境民事公益诉讼"之含义,并通过现行立法和司法实践阐释实践中民事环境公益诉讼主体的范围,分别从检察机关、公民、行政机关、其他组织4类主体进行深入理论探究,并对未来关于民事环境公益诉讼的立法做出合理性建议。     

当前中国周边安全环境与战略选择

纵向观察,建国以来中国周边安全环境总体向好,但时起时伏;横向比较,当前中国周边安全环境依然严峻。当前中国周边安全环境的现状是北稳南动,西缓东急。当前中国周边安全环境面对的最大挑战有朝鲜半岛安全问题、中日钓鱼岛主权与东海划界问题、南中国海问题、美国对台军售问题,以及复杂的中印关系等。当前中国周边安全战略应继续坚持与邻为善,以邻为伴的大方针;继续坚持睦邻、友邻、安邻和富邻的周边外交政策;具体执行中采取睦北、缓西、稳南和进东战略,为中国未来10年黄金发展期创造和平安宁的周边环境。     

呼包银榆资源型经济区城市化与空间规划策略

呼（和浩特）包（头）银（川）榆（林）经济区是我国西部地区资源型经济特征明显的重点发展经济区。以实证研究的方法,通过分析经济区资源环境约束下的城市化和空间布局特征与问题,指出经济区面临的发展困境是资源型工业化、城市化与生态环境脆弱之间的严重冲突。提出以动力多元化、集中式城市化、城镇与产业协同、资源开发利用与生态保护协调为核心的新型城市化发展战略,以及“适度开化、集聚布局、保护生态”的空间开发利用和保护基本策略。以强化空间功能区规划的空间政策管理、加强城市一工矿区空间集约利用规划机制,优化城市化空间组织,作为空间布局规划的战略思路和途径。     

论转基因农产品国际贸易与我国发展战略

全球生物技术产业正在蓬勃发展,各国政府都把推广生物技术、发展生物技术作为提高本国经济竞争力的重要手段,转基因农产品国际贸易是一个前沿领域,能否在这个领域取得主动,关系到整个生物产业的发展问题,采取全新的贸易战略和措施已刻不容缓,本文试图在这方面有所探讨。