Measures of risk associated to regulations compliance: a laboratory experiment on the use of common-pool resources

The present research examined the influence of different risk perspectives by the use of four different target persons (who could be affected: abstract person, self, specific person, and specific others) and of four different questionnaire answer formats (rating, open percentage, open, and closed frequency) on risk assessments. It was assumed that subjects use two different systems in terms of probabilistic reasoning: a distributional approach for abstract targets leading to higher risk estimates and a singular approach for specific targets leading to lower risk assessments. According to unrealistic optimism (UO) research (showing higher risk assessments for an abstract person than for self), the assumption was that risk assessments for a specific (named) target lead to lower risk assessments compared to an abstract target. Further, common quantitative answer formats for assessing risk were compared to explore differences in risk estimates. The hypotheses were tested using data of a sample of 512 students from a Bavarian university. The frequently confirmed finding of UO could be replicated with both rating scale and open frequency scale, which appeared to be more sensitive compared to the other used scales. However, UO disappeared when the comparison target was specific. Further, risk assessments for an abstract target were highest within every answer format and lowest for specific targets. Furthermore, results revealed that the type of answer format has a moderating effect on the extent of the influence of risk perspective on risk assessments. Overall, this study gives evidence that both the chosen scale and the risk perspective strongly influence risk assessments. Results aim to contribute to the research fields of quantitative assessment of perceived risk. They suggest that probabilistic reasoning in regard to risk not only underlies motivational or cognitive ego-defensive mechanisms but is rather presumably caused by the use of different systems of inferential strategies.     

法制是构建和谐社会的基础

社会主义和谐社会应该以人为本,依法治国.因此,健全的法制在构建和谐社会中发挥着重要作用.社会主义和谐社会是法制保证下的社会,和谐社会的形成离不开健全的法制.     

跨国企业"人才本土化"概念初探

本土化战略是跨国企业生存和发展的重要的经营策略,而人才本土化成为其重中之重,可以说是本土化战略的最为核心和重要的部分.人才本土化不仅仅是一般基层员工和技术人员的本土化,越来越重要的是跨国企业在所在国子公司中的中高级管理人员的本土化.     

Differential Impact of Web and Mobile Interactivity on E-Retailers' Performance

This study investigates the differential impact of machine and person interactivity on both Web and mobile interfaces on e-retailers' operational and financial performance. Based on data from 463 large e-retailers in the United States and Canada, interesting findings are obtained indicating that Web machine interactivity and mobile person interactivity have significantly positive impacts on e-retailers' operational performance, whereas Web person interactivity and mobile machine interactivity do not. Furthermore, machine interactivity on a Web interface (i.e., Web machine interactivity) has a stronger impact than machine interactivity on mobile interfaces (i.e., mobile machine interactivity), and person interactivity is more influential on mobile interfaces (i.e., mobile person interactivity) than on Web interfaces (i.e., Web person interactivity). E-retailers' operational performance is found to have a significantly positive impact on e-retailers' financial performance. Overall, this study provides in-depth insights into the differential roles of machine and person interactivity on Web and mobile interfaces in affecting e-retailers' performance. Implications for research and practice as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.     

优化投资环境 开发投资热土

经济发展环境是影响经济发展速度与质量的主要因素。只有具备优越宽松的投资环境 ,才能形成生产要素流动的“洼地效应” ,使招商引资的愿望变成现实。因此 ,必须树立强烈的开放意识 ,不断优化投资环境。要想将外地客商招得来、留得住 ,不仅要加强基础设施建设 ,大力优化投资的“硬环境” ,解决制约经济发展的“瓶颈”矛盾 ,而且要加大改革力度 ,积极优化投资的“软环境” ,实行优惠政策 ,提供优质服务 ,保护公平竞争 ,提高劳动力素质。从而创造适合生产力发展的外部条件 ,加快投资热土的形成 ,占领对外开放的制高点 ,赢得市场竞争的主动权。     

浅析新时期我国高技术产业自主创新能力

由于我国教育制度落后于高技术产业发展,资金来源不足、知识产权保护的法律制度和产权制度的缺陷等原因,使我国高技术产业自主创新能力不强。应培养造就富有创新精神的人才队伍,建立以创业投资为核心的创新投资支撑体系,完善科技资源配置方式,调整高科技园区发展思路,以尽快提升高技术产业自主创新能力。     

加速培养高层次人才的价值分析

高等院校是培养高层次人才的基地,而人才培养主要通过学校的教学来实现.本文利用“价值分析方法”论述了高校怎样投入人财物,保证教学功能,产出一流人才.     

河北省村镇银行加速发展分析

河北省首家村镇银行——张北信达村镇银行股份有限公司已经于2008年6月26日正式开业,在推动农村经济发展、改善农民生活、帮助农民创业等方面发挥了重要作用。但是,相对于其他省份,河北的村镇银行发展速度还有待加快。首先分析了村镇银行发展现状,接着阐述了河北加快发展村镇银行的可行性,最终在分析外省问题的基础上,提出加快河北村镇银行发展的建议。     

社会主义新农村建设人才现状及作用

社会主义新农村建设首当其冲是了解农村人才的现状与作用。必须从现在开始做好农村人才的培养,给新农村建设供给有文化、懂技术、会经营的农村实用人才。     

施工企业效益保证体系及监控机制的建立和完善

从私营企业家族式管理的弊端出发 ,指出私营企业的发展需要引进高级经营管理人才即经理人。本文力求对私营企业经理人的激励约束机制问题进行探索 ,通过高工资、工资正常晋升、绩效奖金等经济手段和目标、信任、亲情等非经济手段来激励经理人 ,通过合同条款、制度等对经理人进