智能化发展对就业结构的影响研究北大核心

本文基于2001~2020年省级面板数据实证检验了智能化发展对中国就业结构的影响,结果表明:智能化发展整体上促进中国就业,在第一产业减少就业,在第二产业和第三产业增加就业。工资水平较高的地区和智能化水平较高的地区,智能化对第二产业就业的创造效应不再显著。最后根据研究结论提出了相应的对策建议。     

Green monetary and fiscal policies: The role of consumer preferences

We establish a two-sector model to simulate the potential effects of green fiscal poli- cies and unconventional green monetary policy on the economy during a recovery or in case of a stimulus policy. We find that instruments such as a carbon tax, an implicit tax on brown loans, and a subsidy for the purchase of green goods are all beneficial to the green sector, in contrast to green quantitative easing. A carbon tax imposed directly on firms in the brown sector is the most effective tool to reduce pollution. More importantly, the marginal effects of green instruments on the economy depend on consumer preferences. Namely, the marginal effects are the most prominent when consumers start to purchase more green goods as an increasing part of their consumption basket. Furthermore, the effects of those green policies are more effective when the elasticity of substitution between green and brown goods increases. This finding suggests that raising consumers’ awareness and ability to consume green goods reinforce the effectiveness of public policies designed for low-carbon transition of the economy.