经济增长与环境污染关系的研究——基于山西省数据的实证分析

文章以山西省三类环境污染指标为研究样本,研究该省1986-2007年人均GDP与环境污染之间的关系。本文主要从三个方面考察山西省经济增长与环境污染之间的关系。(1)通过协整技术考察山西省人均GDP与三类环境污染指标之间的长期均衡关系。(2)通过回归分析检验山西省环境库兹涅茨倒U型曲线。(3)通过脉冲响应分析,研究山西省人均GDP与三类环境污染之间的相互作用关系。最后,文章得出几个非常重要的结论并提出相关政策建议。     

我国经济开放对环境影响的实证研究:1990-2007年

本文利用我国1990-2007年的时间序列数据研究经济开放对环境的影响,发现外商直接投资的流入能够在一定程度上改善环境,而出口在一定程度上恶化了环境,同时出口增长是环境污染增加的格兰杰原因;外商直接投资与出口的共同作用有利于环境质量的改善。这些研究表明我国目前没出现"污染避难所"的现象,我国目前的环境污染问题主要是由于企业以前大规模出口造成的。     

商品的绿色包装

以食品包装工具之一的一次性快餐盒为例,分析了“白色污染”对全球的危害,提出绿色包装这一行之有效的新课题,随着全体国民环保意识的日益增强,随着纸餐盒制造的日臻成熟,我国商品包装将走向绿化。     

Applying Ethical Concepts to the Study of “Green” Consumer Behavior: An Analysis of Chinese Consumers’ Intentions to Bring their Own Shopping Bags

Drawing on the general ethics and social psychology literature, this study presents a model to delineate the major factors likely to affect consumers’ intentions to bring their own shopping bags when visiting a supermarket (called “bring your own bags” or “BYOB” intention). The model is empirically validated using a survey of 250 Chinese consumers. Overall, the findings support the hypothesized direct influence of teleological evaluation and habit on BYOB intention, as well as that of deontological evaluation and teleological evaluation on ethical judgment about the BYOB practice. Teleological evaluation exerts a much stronger influence on ethical judgment than does deontological evaluation. In addition, the findings reveal that consumers who perceive the BYOB practice to be more important are more inclined to rely on their ethical judgment to derive their BYOB intention. Academically, these findings provide some encouraging evidence for the application of general ethics theories to explain green consumption-related practices. Practically, the findings also suggest that a utilitarian approach (i.e., emphasizing the consequences of BYOB) may represent an effective means for the Chinese government to promote BYOB practice among consumers. Dr. Ricky Y. K. Chan is associate professor of the Department of Management and Marketing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. His research interests lie in green marketing and behavioral aspects of Chinese consumers. He has contributed to such journals as Business Horizons, European Journal of Marketing, International Business Review, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of International Marketing, Journal of Management Studies and Journal of Services Marketing. Dr. Y. H. Wong is associate professor of the Department of Management and Marketing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He is the author of a book, Guanxi: Relationship Marketing in a Chinese Context (co-authored with Dr. T. K. P. Leung). His research has been published in journals, including Industrial Marketing Management, International Business Review, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Journal of International Consumer Marketing and Journal of Services Marketing. Dr. T. K. P. Leung is associate professor of the Department of Management and Marketing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. His research areas include business to business marketing, Chinese cultures and their implications to Sino-foreign negotiation. He has published articles in such journals as European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of International Consumer Marketing and Marketing Intelligence and Planning. He also co-authored a research book with Dr. Y. H. Wong titled Guanxi: Relationship marketing in a Chinese context published by the Haworth Press.     

我国农田土壤污染状况及防治对策

我国农田土壤污染日趋严重,农田受污染率从20世纪80年代末期的不足5%,上升至目前的19.4%;污染物主要来自工矿业三废(废水、废气、废渣),并通过大气沉降、洪水冲积和不合理的农业生产过程3个路径进入农田,其中不合理的农业生产过程,尤其是污水灌溉是污染物进入农田的首要路径;不仅化肥会污染农田,有机肥同样也会污染农田。通过调节Cd超标农田土壤的PH值可以降低Cd的活性,减轻对农作物的危害;不同作物对Cd的敏感性不同,通过调整农作物品种结构,可以降低危害;治理农田土壤污染,首要工作是强化农田土壤污染防控,并因情而宜,走综合治理之路。该文首次量化了我国农田土壤污染变化态势,明确提出了化肥在农田土壤污染中的3方面体现,概括出污染物进入农田土壤的3个路径,首次将污水灌溉从过去的严重缺水区域有意识地利用污水灌溉扩展到有意识地利用污水灌溉和无意识地利用了受到污染的水源进行灌溉两个方面,明确提出了有机肥同样会污染农田的结论,并提出了防治土地污染的3项对策。     

重庆市农业面源污染测算与空间特征解析

文章采用清单分析法对重庆市农业面源主要污染物、污染负荷进行估算,在此基础之上,运用聚类分析、线性回归以及实证调研等方法,对污染的空间分布特征、影响因素、污染成因作测算与分析。研究尺度定位区县级空间,研究范围依从经济功能区域划分,囊括重庆市37个农业区县。重庆市平均水质污染物浓度COD为11.995mg/L,TN为2.043mg/L,TP为0.457mg/L,综合水质指数为1.989,在轻度污染范围内,非常接近中度污染。重庆主城区周围的农业面源污染严重,两翼地区污染较轻。秸秆、畜禽粪便、化肥是污染的三大主源头,贡献率依次为44.65%,45.47%,7.23%。聚类分析表明永川、荣昌、铜梁、大足、长寿、璧山等区县的污染非常严重。农村用电量、农作物播种面积、地表水资源总量对污染负荷指标具有强烈影响。在污染负荷空间特征分析及实证调研基础之上,提出相应的治理对策建议。     

发展中国家面临的国际贸易所造成环境问题分析

本文主要从目前国际贸易而产生的环境问题出发,分析了现在的跨境污染问题带来的严重后果,特别是对于发展中国家造成的主要影响分析,以及现行一些解决方法的总结。期望从分析过程中找出一定的解决措施,寻求发展中国家面临现在状况的改善办法和措施,为进一步控制贸易对环境的影响并进行进一步的探究提供一点意见。     

河岸植被对防治河水污染的拦截作用探讨

以山西沁河源头河水为研究对象,通过四种试验模式,测定30°草坡、18°草坡、乔灌草植被带、灌草植被带对研究区常用化肥尿素、硫酸钾、复合肥中NO2-、NO3-、NH4+、PO43-四种离子的拦截率。结果表明:18o草坡对不同化肥溶液中各离子的拦截作用均强于30o草坡;乔灌草搭配对各化肥溶液中NO3-、NO2-、PO43-、NH4+离子的拦截率在1m、2m、3m处均大于灌草搭配,乔灌草搭配对4种离子的拦截作用强于灌草搭配。建议河岸缓冲区设计时,结合实际条件,坡度设计越缓越能起到净化水质的作用;在河岸植被构建时,优先考虑乔灌草植被带搭配。     

城市垃圾污染及其焚烧处理的研究

介绍了我国城市垃圾现状、垃圾污染危害、处理的方式及存在的问题。根据我国城市垃圾的特点及变化趋势,提出了适合我国城市垃圾无害化、减量化和稳定化处理的几种方法．并对焚烧处理作了进一步的研究。     

浅谈室内放射性污染防治及剿

最近几年我国的经济水平直线上升,人民的生活水平也不断提高,追求住宅室内装修是人民追求生活质量的重要体现,住宅室内装修越来越受到人们的追捧。然而。因室内装修导致的环境污染问题相继发生,其中室内放射性污染深受关注。本文就室内放射性氡的来源、对人体的危害等方面分析,从而探讨出室内防水性污染的防治及其控制措施。