外商投资、污染产业转移与东道国环境质量

本文通过在Copeland and Taylor一般均衡理论框架引入国际资本流动,理论考察了外资进入对东道国环境质量与污染排放的影响。研究表明外资进入的环境影响取决于东道国的环境管理政策类型、外资企业的部门流向与产业分布,以及东道国本土企业的治污技术学习能力。具体而言,外资进入东道国污染密集型部门时必然会带来污染排放的增加;当外资进入清洁型部门时,在环境政策外生时东道国污染变化是不确定的,在环境政策内生时污染排放则保持不变。本文研究也表明外资企业的治污技术外溢效应的重要性,发现外资进入带来了更为先进的治污技术、内资企业的治污技术学习效应都有利于抑制东道国污染排放。     

环境约束下的工业结构优化调整研究

本文在分析中国工业经济发展及环境污染物排放趋势的基础上,选取工业废水排放强度、工业废气排放强度及工业固体废物排放强度,采用灰色关联方法对工业各行业环境污染物排放强度进行综合评价。根据综合评价结果,将工业各行业划分为优先发展、重点扶持、引导发展、结构整合以及限制发展等不同类型,从而有针对性地采取措施对工业内部各行业结构进行优化调整。     

中原油田洒落石油对地面生态的污染与防治

洒落石油对地面生态（土壤、包气带）的污染主要分布在井下作业频繁与窃油现象严重的采油井井场内。油污染物在包气带中运移,并受油污染浓度大小的控制,当石油污染物的浓度大于近似残余饱和度,污染物向下迁移,对地下水产生污染。油污染处理最为妥当的方法是生物处理技术,可进行推广使用。     

Methods of air traffic management in the airport area including the environmental factor

In the modern approach to air traffic management (ATM), issues related to air quality and climate protection have led to the introduction of a growing number of new restrictions instead of having these issues be the objectives of actions taken. The aim of the study was to investigate whether it is possible to improve air quality while controlling pollution emission by introducing changes in the organization of air traffic control at the airport. For this purpose, mathematical models of emissions were created. These concern the movement of aircraft near the airport and emission of carbon dioxide and the spread of human health related substances emitted from a landing airplane's engine. The first case refers to the possibility of using different arrival procedures. The second case was to adapt the Pasquill formula by treating landing aircraft as a sequence of point-source emissions. As a result of applying the designed models and software tools, it was proven that both a change in the arrival trajectory and a change of the runway can contribute to a reduction of CO₂ emission into the atmosphere. The emission maps created for different aircraft approach profiles show the ability to control the local concentration of harmful emissions. The study clearly shows that the current approach of maximizing throughput is not beneficial to air quality. ATM services should consider the use of other variants of air traffic organization, particularly during periods of reduced traffic.     

大气污染防治的审计监督

治理雾霾已成为改善民生和发展经济的当务之急。本文从对大气污染防治政策措施执行情况的审计监督、对大气污染防治资金投入使用管理及绩效情况的审计监督,加强对大气污染防治重点项目建设运营情况的审计监督、对大气污染防治目标实现情况的审计监督、创新审计方法并形成大气污染防治审计合力等五个方面,提出加强对大气污染防治审计监督的建议与设想。     

The Effects of Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Regulation on Company Management and Competitiveness

In the literature there are several studies about the effects of environmental policies and regulations on the management and competitiveness of businesses. Some of these studies focus on the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive, but only a few investigate the effects of IPPC permits in depth. This paper aims to bridge this gap by illustrating the results of cross‐country empirical research. We analyse 225 IPPC permits of companies located in seven European regions and issued by different competent authorities. Results show differences in terms of requirements, emission limit values and monitoring frequencies, which are not always justifiable by the flexibility afforded by the Directive. These differences have different impacts on the competitive strategies and environmental management of companies within the same sector but located in different countries. We explore how some differences could influence company costs, contributing to the literature debate about the effects of direct regulation on competitiveness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Pollution Prevention and Service Stewardship Strategies in the Third‐Party Logistics Industry: Effects on Firm Differentiation and the Moderating Role of Environmental Communication

A growing number of firms are considering the incorporation of environmental thinking into their business strategies, hoping to improve their competitiveness. In this paper, we analyze the effects of pollution prevention and service stewardship capabilities on firm differentiation advantage in the third‐party logistics industry. Since prior research claims that complementary assets play an important role in fully understanding the environmental‐management‐competitiveness link, we furthermore examine the moderating role of environmental communication on the pollution‐prevention‐differentiation and the service‐stewardship‐differentiation linkages. We theoretically base our research in natural‐resource‐based thinking. Drawing on survey data, we apply multivariate regression and moderation analysis. The results highlight that pollution prevention and service stewardship capabilities can help third‐party logistics providers to achieve a differentiation advantage. Also, the results show that environmental communication moderates the effect of pollution prevention on differentiation advantage and can hence be considered a valuable complementary asset. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Would Smog Lead to Outflow of Labor Force? Empirical Evidence from China

This study examines the impact of air pollution on labor outflow and labor migration from the perspective of individual and regional heterogeneity in China. The empirical evidence shows that air pollution has a significant impact on labor outflow and labor with higher education levels, of male gender, and belonging to a younger cohort are more sensitive toward air pollution and hence more inclined to migrate. The labor force from cities and rural areas, as well as from eastern and central China, tends to migrate due to the negative impact of air pollution. The labor force in areas of north of the Huai River is more likely to migrate due to the severe air pollution caused mainly by heating systems in the winter.     

对于污染环境犯罪若干问题的研究——以两高院《关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》为视角

随着我国环境污染形势的日益严峻,刑法也在逐步加大对环境污染犯罪的惩罚力度,严厉打击环境污染犯罪。继2011年《刑法修正案(八)》对重大污染环境事故罪进行修改之后,我国又于2013年6月颁布实施了《关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,以完善污染环境罪相关构成要件和司法适用等方面的问题。文章采用比较分析的方法,对我国的环境犯罪立法沿革进行分析,总结每次立法中的进步和不足之处,再分析国外法律对于污染环境犯罪的规定,吸收立法经验,从民事、刑事、行政三个方面进一步完善我国的立法和司法,为我国环境保护事业提供严密有力的法律保障。     

浅析电子垃圾拆解行业发展的原因、存在问题及政策建议——以汕头贵屿为例

电子垃圾拆解行业在我国已有十几年的发展历史。本文选取发展最早、规模最大的汕头市贵屿镇为例,以其电子垃圾拆解行业给当地带来严重污染问题入手,分析电子垃圾拆解行业造成污染的三方面原因,并指出这些原因是行业自身特点所决定的。要实现电子垃圾拆解行业的转型及污染治理,就必须对照发展因素,从产业升级、规范原料来源及加强政府管理等方面入手,并首次提出借助开发性金融之力以助力电子垃圾拆解行业的转型。