中国情境下口碑传播对农村居民购买决策影响的实证分析

口碑传播作为我国农村居民在生活中传播信息内容最丰富、最受信任的沟通方式,极大地影响着农村消费者的购买选择。本文从口碑传受双方特征、口碑信息类型与农村居民购买决策之间的关系入手,得出传播者专业能力对口碑在农村消费群体中传播效果的影响最大,意见领袖居其次,感知风险、关系强度和口碑信息类型也发挥着不同程度的影响,且产品类别的调节作用显著。这说明企业要想提高自身在农村市场的竞争力,积极开展口碑营销是行之有效的途径,应不遗余力地从各方面着手与农村居民建立联系,针对不同产品类别加强口碑管理。     

Natural resource accounting for Indian states — Illustrating the case of forest resources

Our main objective is to set out and apply a SEEA-based methodology to reflect the true value of forest resources in India's national and state accounts. We establish that a “top-down” approach using available national databases is both feasible and desirable from a policy perspective. In this paper, we address four components of value creation in forests: timber production, carbon storage, fuelwood usage, and the harvesting of non-timber forest products. The results of our analysis suggest that prevailing measures of national income in India underestimate the contribution of forests to income. The income accounts of the Northeastern states in particular are significantly understated by these traditional (GDP/GSDP) measures. We are also able to identify some states which performed poorly in the context of our sustainability framework, reflecting natural capital losses due to degradation and deforestation. Our results highlight the need to integrate natural resource accounting into the national accounting framework in order to generate appropriate signals for sustainable forest management and for the conservation of forest resources which are widely used by the poor in India, as well as being significant stores of national wealth.     

关于产品服务化与企业服务化的理论探索

本文通过文献回顾、案例分析,介绍了服务行业呈现出的两种新趋势,即产品服务化与企业服务化。作者认为这两种趋势有助于企业开拓新的事业领域,实现多元化发展,同时符合国家关于发展绿色经济的宏观要求,是未来经济发展的主要方向之一。     

Market-based capabilities and financial performance of firms: insights into marketing’s contribution to firm value

While there is recognition that market-based capabilities contribute to a firm’s financial performance, the exposition is largely conceptual (Srivastava et al. Journal of Marketing 62:2–18, 1998; Journal of Marketing 63:168–179, 1999). Using a resource based view of the firm, the present study proposes that (1) market-based assets and capabilities of a firm impacts (2) performance in three market-facing business processes (new product development, supply-chain and customer management), which in turn, influence (3) the firm’s financial performance. It develops related hypotheses and tests the framework empirically. The study also examines for the first time the interrelationship among the three business processes and their impact on the market value of firms. Further, the study examines the moderating influence of two organizational variables—size and age of the firm. Overall, the major contribution of the study is that it offers a process linkage between capabilities, process performance and financial performance. The results of this research will provide strategic insights to managers on optimal customer management, product development and supply chain strategies.

略论我国产品责任主体的范围

产品责任主体是因产品存在缺陷而致他人损害应承担赔偿责任的人。生产者和销售者是我国法律明文规定的产品责任主体,它们以无过错责任为归责事由。从更好地保护消费者合法权益,维护社会经济秩序出发,原材料和零部件或半成品提供者、准生产者、进口者应归属于生产者范畴,运输者、仓储者等第三人在符合相应条件时,应承担产品侵权责任。     

大型零售商主导购物中心零售业态双边市场运行机理

购物中心零售业态是传统的具有双边市场特征的交易平台。大型零售商通过整体租赁购物中心零售业态进行选址开店的模式,可以看作是双边市场中基于零售商一体化双边市场交易平台的行为。一体化结构下,大型零售商不仅成功实现零售业态的进一步拓展,本身也由单纯从事商品销售的零售商转变为具有双边市场特征的平台企业。作为平台企业,其运作机制遵循双边市场的经营特征,主要表现在倾斜定价机制和平台多产品组合竞争。但其核心竞争力依然来源于自身经营商品的竞争优势。     

纵向所有权安排与跨国公司的纵向市场圈定——基于轿车产业的模型分析和案例考察

跨国公司在中国轿车产业的成长和发展中发挥着重要的作用,但随着其在产业上下游势力的增加,也对国内大型企业的自主研发产生了一定的负面影响.文章以中国轿车产业特有的部分所有权安排和跨国公司纵向控制现象为对象,构建了差异化产品价格竞争下的纵向约束模型,以分析跨国公司实施投入歧视,使中方参与者产生自主开发行为"滞后"的结构性诱因.产业和企业层面的案例分析发现,在中国轿车产业"后WTO"时期,跨国公司纵向控制力的不断强化,在下游市场挤出本土品牌的同时,还具有弱化大型国企自主创新的效应.政府应对自主研发的投入和产品实施一定的不对称性激励政策,引导大型国企逐渐摆脱对跨国公司的长期依赖.     

Product mix,transactions and cost behaviour: a study of South African bank branches

This paper utilizes microeconomic theory and a panel data set to assess the impact of product mix and transactions on cost behaviour of bank branches in South Africa over the short and long‐term. Estimates of properties of concavity and monotonocity indicate that the cost functions of typical bank branches in South Africa are neither consistent with short‐term nor long‐term cost‐minimizing behaviour. This corroborates earlier findings which indicate that South African banks have low production efficiency and high market power. In addition the cost functions and two production‐output type indices indicate that overall, the intermediation‐output type mix (foreign exchange and custodial services) has a more significant effect on cost behaviour than the production‐output type mix (cheque and deposit accounts). The variety of production‐output type services provided by a branch appears to have limited effect on costs. However the financial value of production‐output type transactions has an impact on costs while the financial value of intermediation type products does not. Branches that provide intermediation‐output type products tend to have higher variable costs – the key determinant of costs is the number of transactions.     

Consumption and communication perspectives of IT in a developing economy

Technological innovations are important sources of competitive advantage when there is a balanced rate of adoption that helps organisations maintain or improve performance levels. This paper synthesises and builds on efforts to conceptualise the adoption and implementation of technologically induced customer services in developing countries. Its point of departure is recent advances in computer-mediated marketing environments (CMMEs). It assesses relationships between customer services and evolving technologies in the provision of services in the banking sector. Using phenomenological hermeneutics and a case study approach, we iteratively engaged with data that emerged to identify core values and community-based values. These facets were further developed into seven main issues (core values: quality, education and reach, and community-based values: efficiency, usability, control and security). The paper offers practical steps by which companies and institutions may counter these issues and the theoretical implications for wider considerations are discussed.     

Competition and open source with perfect software compatibility

In this paper we study duopolistic competition between closed and open source software. Inspired by recent contributions on open source, we propose a two-stage game with perfect information and product differentiation, in which producers first set software quality and then determine prices (the price is zero for open source programs). We assume perfect software compatibility and model lock-in effects, a network externality component of software quality, and accumulation of experience in software use and implementation. In comparison to the monopolistic benchmark case, we argue that, in a duopoly created by the emergence of an open source program, the proprietary software producer will reduce its selling price if: (i) its network of users is larger than the open source network and its consumers are largely familiar with its program, (ii) it has a small network of unskilled consumers. On the other hand, the price of proprietary software will increase if its users form a large, but poorly-skilled network. Furthermore, we show that, in all of the above cases, the hedonic quality of proprietary software increases. Finally, by modeling experience accumulation processes through difference equations, we show that the ratio between the closed and open source programs’ opportunity costs for software learning and deployment plays a crucial role in shaping market outcomes. If open source software remains too complex and technical for unskilled or time-pressed users, a shared market solution, in which both programs are adopted, is likely to emerge. However, if opportunity costs in learning and understanding open source programs are particularly low, or at least equal to the opportunity costs of a closed-source program, then open source dominance emerges (i.e. markets tip to open source).