以就业为导向做好专业建设的实践与探索

专业建设是高职学校改革和发展的重要组成部分,又是课程建设的基础、纲领。本文通过以就业导向做好专业建设的实践,对如何做好高职的专业建设的问题,进行了探索。     

工作本位学习理论的系统分析

工作本位学习是基于从学校到工作岗位(school-to-work)的理念下提出来的,试图整合学习策略和工作实践,促进学习者的学习,以更好适应工作的需要。工作本位课程理论是在上述理念基础上开发出来的,对我国高职教育提供有益的启示。     

明代皖南平原的圩田与农业生产

洪武时期，旧有圩田得到迅速恢复；建文至正德期间，圩田有较明显的发展，扩大了耕地面积，富豪围垦在其中占有重要地位，同时，圩田发展与蓄水防洪的矛盾已经凸显；嘉靖以后，水灾呈现加剧的趋势，除固有的自然因素的原因外，过度围垦、民人渔利、修防低效等社会因素起着重要作用，同时，对圩田的治理有新的进展。圩田在皖南平原农业生产上具有重要作用。     

Urban Influence on Costs of Production in the Corn Belt

This article determines the relative technical efficiency of rural- and urban-influenced crop/livestock enterprises in the Corn Belt. Farmers in urban-influenced locations are less technically efficient than farmers in rural locations. During 1998–2000, stochastic production frontier procedures indicate that a 10% increase in urban influence leads to a close to 4% decrease in technical efficiency. The most successful urban-influenced farms have controlled costs as effectively as rural farms. They have tended to de-emphasize that nondairy livestock activities—particularly beef and hogs—do not rely extensively on off-farm income, and have relatively large, less residential/lifestyle operations compared to less successful urban-influenced farmers. However, our statistical analysis clearly bears out the refrain in popular literature that urban proximity raises the cost for, and decreases the viability of, traditional farms.     

Estimation of Agricultural Production Functfons on a World-Wide Basis

Agricultural production is becoming increasingly capital and research intensive. Hayami and Ruttan, along with others, have developed and applied the metaproduction functional approach to the examination of this phenomenon on a worldwide basis. Limitations to the approach derive from a restrictive functional form chosen for estimation, and from a restrictive specification of agricultural capital and land. This study addresses those difficulties by use of the flexible translog functional form for estimation and by specifying an overall agricultural capital index and a land measure incorporating differences in the quality of land (agricultural natural resource) endowments. Estimation results indicate that agricultural comparative advantage in production is likely shifting to developed countries relative to LDC's due to capital constraints in the latter. Also agricultural potential (i.e., land endowments) do not serve to differentiate nations on the basis of agricultural production. Investment in agriculture, including land improvement, is key to the determination of comparative advantage. La production agricole fait appelle de plus en plus a beaucoup de re-cherches et de capitaux. Hayami et Ruttan, avec d'autres, ont developpe et appliqué l'approche fonctionnelle métaproduction pour examiner ce phénomena à l‘échelle du monde. Les limitations de cette approache provienneent de la forme fonctionnelle restrictive choisie pour l'estimation, et de la spécification restrictive de capitaux et terres agricoles. Cette étude traite ces difficultés en utilisant la formule “translog’ fonctionnelle adaptable pour l'estimation et en spécificant un indice du capital agricole global et une mesure de terre qui incorpore les différences du qualité des terres agricoles (ressources agricoles naturelles). Tous les résultats estimatifs indiquent que l'avantage comparatif agricole de production s'incline vers les pays développés parraport aux PMD dû aux constraintes de capitaux dans ces derniers. Aussi la capacité agricole (c'est à dire la richesse des sols) ne sert pas à différencier les nations sur le plan de production agricole. L'investissement dans l'agriculte, notamment l'amélioration de terre, est la cief pour déterminer l'avantage comparatif.     

公有制内按生产要素分配实现形式探析

一般理论认为,按生产要素分配主要体现在非公有制领域和公有制领域内劳动者收入来源的多样性上.但事实上,随着我国劳动力市场的发展和完善,按生产要素分配在公有制领域内将有更大的作用空间.其具体实现形式之一,即为公有制范围内劳动收入由V+Vm构成,而且对企业利润(M)中分配后的剩余部分,仍可实行按生产要素分配,而后者是建立国有资产保值增值机制的一种新思路.     

区域产业簇群的发展与政府职责

本文认为,现代产业簇群是基于地缘关系、产业技术链、同业交往等关系而共生的产生群体,是提高国家经济实力和国际竞争力的重要途径。它的产生与发展是技术进步和社会分工的结果,是产业发展的客观规律,经济全球化是现代产业簇群的必然趋势。为了促进我国产业簇群的发展,文章提出,政府在产业簇群的发展中应遵循产业簇群的发展规律,充分发挥其在重视与定位、研究与规划、宣传与传播、引导与协调、支持与宽容、保障与政策等方面的职能。     

防污涂料的应用和技术进展

本文对防污涂料的发展历史进行了介绍,综述了近代防污涂料的种类,重点论述了各种低毒和无毒防污涂料的研究进展,对我国防污涂料的发展现状和目前存在的问题进行了总结,并对防污涂料的发展趋势作了概括。     

油井水泥产品质量现状分析

结合2000～2005年对各油田油井水泥的质量监督工作，对我国油井水泥使用的标准、产品工艺、产品质量现状进行了分析。     

Tacit meaning in disguise: Hidden metaphors in new product development and market making

This article explores the role of metaphor in product development processes and market making. Based on a sociocognitive perspective of innovation dynamics and required learning by market actors, the potential of metaphors for mental model development during new product development (NPD) processes is investigated. Three roles for metaphors as cognitive focusing devices for the co-evolution of producers' and consumers' mental models are inferred: mental model communication, mental model matching, and mental model creation. These roles are illustrated by examples that reinforce the need for creativity in applying metaphors as cognitive focusing devices in NPD and market making.