商业信息化与商业业态的演化

引入交易费用的概念解释商业业态的变迁，分析商业信息化条件下的各种交易方式的交易费用变化，以三种比较有前景的零售商业业态模式为例，分析其在新技术条件下的比较优势。     

Reduced Form Auctions Revisited

This note uses the Theorem of the Alternative to prove new results on the implementability of general, asymmetric auctions, and to provide simpler proofs of known results for symmetric auctions. The tradeoff is that type spaces are taken to be finite.     

财务会计概念框架的形式转换:冲突及其缓解--兼论《基本准则》的修订及其支撑系统的建构

现阶段我国理论界和准则制定机构主张采取先由<基本准则>充实概念框架部分内容,等到时机成熟后将<基本准则>转化为符合国际惯例的概念框架的两阶段形式转换策略有其合理性.然而,概念框架的理论实质与<基本准则>的会计法规形式之间必然面临冲突.文章分析了这种冲突形成的根源及其影响,并从<基本准则>的修订与支撑系统的建构两个方面提出了缓解上述冲突的一些对策.     

Regulation of Mobile Telephony across the European Union: An Empirical Analysis

In this paper I analyze the impact of regulatory policy on prices and demand for mobile telecommunications services across the European Union. I estimate a reduced form model of the mobile industry using panel data for the EU countries from 1998 to 2002. Among others, I find the following effects: liberalization of fixed telephone lines has a negative impact on prices and a positive impact on the demand for mobile services, and the introduction of mobile number portability has a negative impact on prices.*I am grateful to Toker Doganoglu, Gerd Hansen, Eric Kodjo Ralph, Guido Friebel, participants at the 30th EARIE Conference 2003, the 2nd International Industrial Organization Conference 2004 and the 19th Annual Congress of the EEA 2004, and anonymous referees for valuable comments. I would like to acknowledge the generous financial support from the Volkswagen Stiftung and the Munich Graduate School of Economics which made this research possible. All errors are mine.1 Source: European Commission (1994).     

Trees and decisions

Summary. The traditional model of sequential decision making, for instance, in extensive form games, is a tree. Most texts define a tree as a connected directed graph without loops and a distinguished node, called the root. But an abstract graph is not a domain for decision theory. Decision theory perceives of acts as functions from states to consequences. Sequential decisions, accordingly, get conceptualized by mappings from sets of states to sets of consequences. Thus, the question arises whether a natural definition of a tree can be given, where nodes are sets of states. We show that, indeed, trees can be defined as specific collections of sets. Without loss of generality the elements of these sets can be interpreted as representing plays. Therefore, the elements can serve as states and consequences at the same time.Received: 23 January 2003, Revised: 2 November 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: C72, D70. Correspondence to: Klaus RitzbergerWe are grateful to Larry Blume, Ariel Rubinstein, Jörgen Weibull, an anonymous referee, and seminar participants at the universities of Vienna, Salamanca, and Heidelberg for helpful comments. Financial support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under project P15281 is also gratefully acknowledged.     

A theory of sequential reciprocity

Many experimental studies indicate that people are motivated by reciprocity. Rabin [Amer. Econ. Rev. 83 (1993) 1281] develops techniques for incorporating such concerns into game theory and economics. His theory is developed for normal form games, and he abstracts from information about the sequential structure of a strategic situation. We develop a theory of reciprocity for extensive games in which the sequential structure of a strategic situation is made explicit, and propose a new solution concept—sequential reciprocity equilibrium—for which we prove an equilibrium existence result. The model is applied in several examples, and it is shown that it captures very well the intuitive meaning of reciprocity as well as certain qualitative features of experimental evidence.     

投资与通货膨胀-紧缩的联系:来自中国的经验证据

基于Toda-Yamamoto长期因果检验程序和广义脉冲反应技术,本文首先研究了全社会实际固定资产投资与零售价格水平变动之间的长期因果及其冲击-动态反应关系,然后进一步考察了货币供给量M1和贸易依存度在促成上述关系中所扮演的角色.其研究结论为:(1)货币供给量M1是唯一的外生变量,其增长不是价格水平变动的直接因,而是通过全社会实际固定资产投资间接地成为价格水平变动的因;(2)贸易依存度和全社会实际固定资产投资之间存在双向因果联系,前者只能通过后者间接地成为价格水平变动的因;(3)中国对外开放既消化又强化了中国生产能力过剩,但消化胜于强化;(4)投资一个单位正向冲击在开始的2-4年左右导致相对温和的通货膨胀,但后五年左右将导致相对严重的通货紧缩.     

新会计准则对上市公司信息披露的影响分析

本文在回顾我国会计准则变迁以及概括新准则主要变化的基础上,从内容和形式两个方面研究了新准则对上市公司信息披露的影响。认为新准则对信息披露的影响主要表现在财务报告的构成方面,财务报告的组成及其格式都发生了较大的变化。这些形式和内容上的变化使得新会计准则对上市公司的信息披露提出了更高的要求,上市公司信息披露的逐步完善将有助于投资者做出更准确的投资决策,降低投资风险,必将提高上市公司财务报告的使用价值,增强上市公司业绩的可预测性。     

The Influence of Environmental Pressures, Diversification Strategy, and Union/Nonunion Setting on Employee Participation

This study tests the hypotheses that environment, diversification strategy, and union/nonunion setting affect the number and variety of employee participation programs. A survey of large U.S. manufacturing firms measured the implementation of employee participation programs. Regression results suggest that environmental pressures exert a direct effect on participation in union settings. However, in nonunion settings, environment and diversification strategy both correlated directly with participation. These results suggest that unions could potentially affect participation program implementation.     

不要混同"公有制形式"和"公有制实现形式"

近年来，出现了将我国公有制形式与公有制实现形式混同的情况，这在理论和实践上都站不住脚。股份制“姓公”或“姓资”关键要看控股权掌握在谁手里。对于理论界和媒体对马克思著作和中央有关理论指导的误解，需要引起重视，有必要澄清理论是非，以避免理论误导可能产生的多种混乱和消极后果。