漓江水生态系统问题研究

本文分析指出，漓江水生态系统保护与修复的目标是保证桂林的水安全，核心在于对其价值的偏好和评估。同时，文章提出了修复的标准及其实现的关键技术和关键途径。     

基于投影寻踪方法的粮食主产区农民用水合作组织绩效研究——基于湖北、湖南、黑龙江3省的调查

[目的]农民用水合作组织是我国灌溉管理制度改革的产物,农民用水合作组织的建立改进了农村水利管理的方式,提高了灌溉管理过程中水资源的利用率。[方法]通过构建粮食主产区农民用水合作组织绩效评价指标体系,建立基于实数编码加速遗传算法的投影寻踪分类模型,对湖北、湖南、黑龙江等3省61家农民用水合作组织的绩效进行了实证分析。[结果]粮食主产区农民用水合作组织绩效水平总体较好,在所调查的61家农民用水合作组织中,27.1%的农民用水合作组织绩效为优秀,28.8%绩效良好,13.6%绩效一般,30.5%绩效较差。[结论]总体上来看,湖南、湖北等2省农民用水合作组织的绩效高于黑龙江。是否有产权、农户参与率、是否民主决策、培训次数、农户满意度、单位面积灌水量和水费收取率等指标对农民用水合作组织绩效影响最大。因此,政府适当放权,选取恰当的扶持方式,提升农户的认识,推广好的农民用水合作组织发展模式是提高农民用水合作组织绩效的有效途径。     

土地流转背景下缺水地区农用水权初始分配——基于投影寻踪混沌粒子群优化模型分析

[目的]文章从公平性和效率性2个方面选取6个指标构建了缺水地区微观主体农用水权初始分配指标体系,在该指标体系基础上,提出了投影寻踪混沌粒子群优化模型,研究了在土地流转背景下如何对缺水地区微观主体农用水权进行初始分配的问题。[方法]该文利用了投影寻踪技术对微观主体农用水权初始分配问题进行降维处理,采用混沌优化和粒子群优化算法寻找最优投影方向,并通过算例验证分析证明了该模型的可行性、合理性和有效性,为农用水权初始分配问题提供了相应的方法和思路。[结果]研究认为,土地流转使农业生产向土地规模化、经营主体职业化、分工专业化方向发展,为农用水权在微观主体之间进行初始分配提供了条件;农用初始水权明晰有利于缺水地区优化农业用水结构,节约农业用水,实施农用水权置换,促进农业用水转向第二、三产业,以推动缺水地区产业结构优化升级、社会经济转型发展;在农用水权初始分配过程中各指标重要性水平不能主观评估,应当由不同地区的样本数据驱动,客观地计算决策方案的最优值,公正地确定权重和水权分配比例。[结论]农用水权初始分配应考虑法律制度政策、社会经济、生态环境等多种因素,以构建完善的农用水权初始分配体系。     

矿产开发负效应与资源生态环境补偿机制研究

矿产开发的负效应是指采矿活动造成的资源生态环境损失,主要表现为资源耗损、生态破坏、环境污染以及区域发展能力下降等。本文基于矿产开发的负效应,初步构建了矿产开发的资源生态环境补偿机制的基本框架。提出应采取资源补偿、生态环境补偿与矿区/区域补偿,实行防范性补偿、即时性补偿与修复性补偿,实施实体性补偿、功能性补偿与价值性补偿。不同的补偿类型,其补偿主体、客体、原则、标准、方式各不相同,但总体上都遵循立法约束、政策引导与行政监管相结合的三位一体的补偿运行模式。建议开展矿产开发的资源环境补偿机制建设试点工作;形成部门间协调管理的工作机制;加强对矿产开发生态环境补偿的监督和评估。     

小套管固井技术在吐哈油田套损井中的应用

吐哈油田分公司丘陵油田地层复杂,且普遍采用高压注水、压裂、酸化等增产措施,导致套管变形较严重,并且部分套损井变形点较多、变形段较长,严重影响了油田的开发。油田采用小套管悬挂固井技术成功解决了深井套管变形段长,多点变形而无法修复的难题,现场应用效果好,为油田套损井治理探索出一套新工艺。     

城市地下管网震后安全恢复评价曲线研究

安全恢复评价曲线（$RAC）是应用主分量分析法降维的思想,根据管网恢复评价指标中存在着一定相关性的特点,用较少的指标来代替原来较多的指标,描点形成安全恢复评价曲线。该曲线很好地解决了管网震后恢复评价过程中,多指标评价带来的选取指标过程中的主观性和由此导致的评价结果的偏差等问题,有效地提高评价的精度和效率。文章阐述了SXAC的原理与构造方法,结合聚类分析,给出了SRAC评价应用算例。     

基于投影寻踪聚类模型的区域经济可持续发展评价--以30个省1998～2011年数据为例

首先构建了一套涉及4个准则层、16个指标层的中国区域经济可持续发展评价指标体系,其次利用投影寻踪和聚类方法,对中国30个省（市、自治区）1998～2011年的经济可持续发展水平（多指标面板数据）进行评价,根据线性投影值进行聚类,并对中国省域经济可持续发展区域差异水平进行分析,在此基础上,对中西部地区经济可持续发展提出相应的建议。     

基于全局局部保留投影与测地距离的气化炉故障检测方法

高温、高压、强腐蚀工作环境下的气化炉易发生仪表测量故障,进而影响煤制油、煤制甲醇等生产工艺,甚至危及人员安全。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于全局局部保留投影（global-local preserving projection, GLPP）算法与测地距离的气化炉故障检测方法。首先,采用GLPP算法提取样本邻域确定的数据局部特征;然后,提出一种基于测地距离度量样本的非近邻关系的数据全局特征提取方法;进一步,利用提取的全局特征构建相应的统计量来进行故障检测。最后,分别通过田纳西伊斯曼（Tennessee Eastman, TE）与真实气化炉2个案例验证所提出方法的有效性和可行性。     

Five scale challenges in Ecuadorian forest and landscape restoration governance

The forest and landscape restoration (FLR) targets set as part of the Bonn Challenge draw attention to the governance arrangements required to translate national FLR targets into local action. To achieve the targets, actors at multiple levels of the governance scale aim to influence relevant processes on the ecological scale. In this article, we focus on the scale challenges relating to the implementation of Ecuador’s restoration targets, by analysing the implementation of the 2014–2017 National Forest Restoration Plan in the montane Chocó Andino and Bosque Seco landscapes. From 54 semi-structured interviews, a document review, and geographical data analysis, we identified two temporal (i, ii) and three spatial scale challenges (iii, iv, v): i) Political cycles mismatch with FLR timelines; ii) Planning horizons mismatch with FLR timelines; iii) National restoration objectives mismatch with decentralised land use planning realities; iv) The governance level of existing FLR efforts mismatches with the level receiving restoration funds; and v) Tensions exist between the spatial dimensions of biodiversity and water-related restoration efforts. The findings highlight that more attention must be given to scale-sensitive governance to make the process in which national FLR targets are translated into local action more effective.     

Dory & Nemo Early Learning Center

The case requires students to evaluate the current situation and growth options of a small business, Dory & Nemo Early Learning Center (D&N), which provides intergenerational programming to preschool children at a retirement home. The learning center was opened in September 2014, and it was able to make a small profit each year. However, it is projected that there would be a 75 percent decrease in net income from $8,072 in Fiscal 2016 to $1,819 in Fiscal 2017. Davis and Nathans, business partners of D&N, met to discuss the following growth options: (i) Mosaic Retirement Residences' proposal to set up two learning centers at their retirement homes each year for a total of six in three years and (ii) Harmony Retirement Residences' proposal for leasing space to set up learning centers at their retirement homes, one new learning center a year for a total of three in three years. Furthermore, Davis and Nathans had decided to increase the program fee from $320 to $350 per week for the 2017–18 academic session in September. They would also like to reduce their workload from 50 to 40 hours per week, increase their vacation time from two to three weeks, and increase their salaries and bonuses. Students must consider personal objectives of business partners and mission of D&N in the analysis. They learn to identify relevant information for decision making, apply appropriate analytical tools for quantitative analysis, integrate qualitative and quantitative factors in decision making, and make recommendations consistent with analysis.