公有制效率:假说与经验证据

从生产力和生产关系的基本原理出发,比较不同所有制效率的生产力标准,具体化为静态的资源配置标准、动态的技术进步标准和维护特定所有制的交易费用标准,演绎出公有制效率假说。利用中国国有和非国有工业数据分析对比,验证了公有制是有效率的,并且运用发展中国家、西方发达国家经验验证了这个结果的稳健性。     

浅谈现场勘查中物证的污染及防控对策

物证污染是影响物证鉴定结果的最主要因素之一，通过现场勘查阶段对人为因素的介入，采取防控措施防止污染，提高检验鉴定人员的物证污染防范意识，并采取适当的监测方法和排除措施，可以提高检材质量，降低物证污染的可能性。     

刍议侦查人员证据意识的再加强

在侦查实践中，仍有一些侦查人员证据意识不强，具体表现有重言词证据轻现场取证，重破案结果轻处理结果，证据本身的收集、保管存在缺陷，证据之间缺乏关联性等。针对这种状况，侦查人员进一步提高证据意识势在必行，要转变传统的办案观念，树立正确的证据意识，要注重证据的合法性，要规范证据的收集与保管，要加强检察监督职能，进一步提高证据意识。     

Optimal weights of evidence with bounded influence

A fundamental statistical problem is to indicate which of two hypotheses is better supported by the data. Statistics designed for this purpose are called weight of evidence. In this paper we study the problem of robust weights of evidence, optimal in their performance while robust in the infinitesimal sense of the influence function.     

Evidence and the liking bias: Effects on managers' disciplinary actions

Managers confronted with evidence of employee misconduct were biased in their recommendations for disciplinary action depending on whether they liked or disliked the accused employee. As expected, when evidence was strong, managers more frequently recommended that the subordinate receive assistance-focused and punishment-focused disciplinary action than when evidence was weak. When managers indicated they liked the employee, they were not inclined to suggest use of disciplinary actions but endorsed use of discipline when they disliked the accused employee. Joint effects of evidence and liking were found for assistance-focused and punishment-focused actions. Implications and the relevance of the biasing effects of managers' recommended actions are discussed.     

Evidence-based policy in Ethiopia: A diagnosis of failure

The need for sound, progressive policy is important, but the robust evidence upon which to base realistic policy, and the institutional capacity and political appetite to deliver it, are often lacking. This article reviews the link between evidence and policy, and highlights recent methodological advances in value chain analysis which allow researchers to efficiently collect relatively robust policy-relevant evidence in data-poor contexts. The article summarises the evidence generated from a World Bank study of tourism in Ethiopia that questioned important tenets of tourism policy and strategy, to assess the extent to which this evidence has been taken up into policy and to account for the apparent failure of evidence up-take. We conclude that the failure of evidence-based policy may have had as much to do with weaknesses in the research process as with the indigenous policy-making process.     

Introduction: methodologies of bounded rationality

The modelling of bounded rationality is currently pursued by approaches that exhibit a wide diversity of methodologies. This special issue collects five contributions that discuss different methodological aspects of these approaches. In our introduction, we map the variety of methodological positions with respect to three questions. First, what kinds of evidence do the respective approaches consider relevant for modelling bounded rationality? Second, what kind of modelling desiderata do the respective approaches focus on? And third, how do the respective approaches justify the normative validity of bounded rationality? To broaden the picture, we not only discusss the five contributions of this issue, but also include relevant positions from the extant literature.     

略谈与司法会计鉴定有关证据规则的立法完善

是否符合诉讼证据规则是司法会计鉴定质量评估的重要标准，司法会计鉴定必须接受诉讼证据规则的约束。目前司法会计鉴定适用的证据规则内容过于粗疏，导致司法会计鉴定实务中随意扩大待证事实范围、把言词笔录作为司法会计鉴定依据、自行免除鉴定检材的论证责任、鉴定人不出庭作证等问题普遍存在，易与诉讼证据规则的要求发生冲突。应立法完善与司法会计鉴定有关的诉讼证据规则，确立鉴定事项不当的鉴定意见排除规则、鉴定检材合法有效规则、鉴定意见论证规则以及未经法庭质证的鉴定意见不得作为法院裁判依据的规则。     

《汉语大词典》释义例证存在的问题——以汉语物象词语为例

《汉语大词典》释义例证由于编纂历史条件等所限，体例上还存在一些亟待解决的问题。从汉语物象词语释义的视角来看，主要问题如下：例证与词义项不匹配；例证词与词目词不吻合；例证文句随意截取；例证时代与作者等信息随意标注；例证不按时代顺序排列；全称词例证晚于略称词。     

一种基于证据距离的D—S改进算法

针对高冲突下Dempster证据组合规则失效的问题,定义了描述证据可靠程度的可信度的概念,提出了一种改进的D-S组合算法。该方法首先通过证据距离,建立相似性矩阵,确定证据可信度,对证据进行预处理,再采用Dempster规则进行组合。通过仿真算例并与其它改进方法进行对比,验证了新算法在高冲突证据的情况下,可以有效地减小冲突对组合结果的影响,同时提高了证据组合的收敛速度,降低了决策风险。