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91.
This paper uses a two-sector, two-period,spatial model of groundwater usage withstochastic surface water supply to illustratethe
potential for the suboptimal management ofthe timing of groundwater uses. A ``timeprofile externality' is said to exist when thetiming of groundwater extraction by one set ofusers
impacts on the time profile of wateravailability to another set of users. Theexistence of the time of use externalitydepends
on the presence of importantdifferences in the preferences between thecontrol and non-control sectors. It alsodepends on the
absence of the markets thatwould internalise these differences. Oneimportant implication of the existence of suchexternalities
is that they can inducesub-optimal insurance investments in the formof water storage capital, i.e., unnecessarysurface water
reservoirs. 相似文献
92.
供应链管理绩效评价及激励机制 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文通过分析供应链管理的特点、目标和内容,提出供应链管理绩效评价指标体系,其中矩阵指标具有一定的创新,且较好地反映了供应链企业之间的复杂关系。介绍了确定供应链管理的绩效指标值的两种方法,并分析了供应链管理六种激励模式。 相似文献
93.
Tony Banks 《World development》2003,31(12):2129-2142
This paper contributes to the debate over land tenure in rural China by extending its spatial coverage to the country’s extensive rangeland regions. Key characteristics of pastoral tenure, identified from field appraisals in western China, include group tenure and fuzzy boundaries. Although these characteristics give rise to efficiency concerns, from a new institutional economics perspective they also facilitate the realization of certain benefits, benefits that could represent opportunity costs of further exclusiveness. The strengthening of rangeland co-management may constitute a more appropriate path to institutional improvement than the establishment of the household ranch, the current goal of national rangeland policy. 相似文献
94.
代理制度是民商法中一项重要的法律制度,它在现代商品经济中起着不可或缺的作用。过去我国由于商品经济长期不发达,我国的民法,特别是其中的代理制度处于严重的滞后状态,这对我国目前市场经济的发展产生了负面影响。因此,对我国民事代理制度存在的缺陷加以检讨和反思,以期对我国的代理立法和实务有所裨益。 相似文献
95.
In his 1960 book, Sraffa suggested using a composite commodity,which he called the Standard commodity, to solveRicardo's search for an invariable measure of value, i.e., astandard capable of isolating the price movements of any othercommodity induced by changes in income distribution. The absencein Sraffa's book of an explicit proof of the invariance propertyof this standard gave rise to many misunderstandings about itsmeaning and its role as an invariable measure of value. In orderto clear up these questions, Bellino (On Sraffa's Standard commodity,Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 28, 12132, 2004)has proposed a proper definition of an invariablemeasure of value, showing that Sraffa's Standard commoditydoes fulfil the requirements of this definition. He claims thatthe fulfilment of this property (but not the constancy of itsnominal price) qualifies the Standard commodityas an invariable measure of value. In this paper, a proof ofthe invariance of the price of the Standard commodity with respectto changes in income distribution is given, and the equivalenceof this property with Bellino's definition of invariance isshown. 相似文献
96.
97.
We examine four issues pertaining to initial public offerings (IPOs) using a survey of 438 chief financial officers (CFOs). First, why do firms go public? Second, is CFO sentiment stationary across bear and bull markets? Third, what concerns CFOs about going public? Fourth, do CFO perceptions correlate with returns? Results support funding for growth and liquidity as the primary reasons for IPOs. CFO sentiment is generally stationary in pre‐ and post‐bubble years. Managers are concerned with the direct costs of going public, such as underwriting fees, as well as indirect costs. We find a negative relation between a focus on immediate growth and long‐term abnormal returns. 相似文献
98.
信息不对称严重阻碍了农业保险的健康发展,建议通过建立克服农业保险中信息不对称的有效体系,以促进我国农业保险的健康发展。 相似文献
99.
相互制保险在农业保险领域有着明显的优势。然而,相互制保险管理制度上的缺陷及其与农业保险的矛盾制约着相互制农业保险的发展。目前,在我国合作意识不强、农村合作经济组织发育不健全的情况下,开展相互制农业保险还有一定困难。因此,要开展相互制农业保险,必须选择合适的范围和地区,并对相互制保险进行制度创新,为相互制农业保险提供财政补贴,建立再保险机制,加强引导,减少行政干预。 相似文献
100.
Richard P. O’Neill Emily Bartholomew Fisher Benjamin F. Hobbs Ross Baldick 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2008,34(3):220-250
The general design for the real-time electricity market presented in this paper optimizes and prices both real and reactive
power simultaneously in an AC setting, where all assets—generation, load and transmission—are allowed to bid and are financially
settled at the locational price times energy consumed or produced. The result is that transmission lines are compensated for
both capacity and admittance, providing incentives for efficient operation of transmission-related assets such as FACTS devices,
if price-taking behavior is assumed. Losses are incorporated into the design and become an operating cost for transmission.
The market design is shown to be revenue neutral and, under some assumptions, nonconfiscatory.
相似文献