Confronting the crisis of food safety and revitalizing companies' social responsibility in the People's Republic of China

In recent years, China has experienced many crises related to food safety which have challenged the legitimacy of food production companies and damaged the reputation of relevant state law enforcement agencies, as well as influenced consumer confidence. Based on recent interviews with 20 food and drink production companies in the Shanghai region, this paper aims to address a key research question: what are the institutional and organizational factors that influence the production systems in general and the quality and safety of products in particular? The outcome of this research indicates that the pressure to minimize costs driven by price competition, changing consumer expectations, as well as a lack of enforcement of state regulation, cause companies to struggle to stay afloat and impede their commitment to social responsibility.     

浅谈档案信息资源的科学管理与合理开发

在我国现代化档案管理工作中,信息资源的整合和技术应用已经有了大幅度的提升,但是在信息资源的管理与开发中仍然存在较大的弊端和问题,难以满足现代化档案管理工作对于管理效率及质量的要求。本文仅就档案信息资源的科学管理与合理开发作以前谈,仅供同行参考。     

新中国成立以来我国人的发展轨迹及其启示

新中国成立以来，我国人的发展经历了从单向的“道德人”到异化的“政治人”，再到理性的“经济人”，并逐步走向理想的“全面人”的演进轨迹。从中给我们以深刻启示：生产力的发展是推进人的发展的坚实基础；理性“经济人”是实现人的全面发展的必经阶段；追求和促进人的全面发展是社会主义的本质要求；党和政府的正确领导是推进我国人的发展事业的根本保证。     

生态视域下的农村共同体的历史演进、破坏与再造

我国的农村共同体具有的生态性质是几千年生生不息的传承演变的结果,这是一种文化共同体形态,是在低水平物质新陈代谢基础上的与时代相适应的生态共同体.但这个共同体在今天市场经济条件下遭到极大破坏,并向个人的理性共同体转变,这造成了农村全面的生态性危机.立足于传统的文化共同体,发挥新型政治共同体的优势,有节制地利用市场机制,克服传统共同体的生态自发性、农村物质新陈代谢低水平、社会生态无意识、共同体的阶级化政治化倾向,就能再造新的农村生态共同体.     

家庭收入预期与货币政策有效性

通过对2001年第一季度至2006年第一季度我国货币政策与家庭收入预期的相互影响进行实证分析发现：我国货币政策与家庭收入预期的相互影响具有持久性，并且呈反方向变动；钉住通货膨胀率的货币政策具有反周期性质；我国居民消费／储蓄（或消费贷款）受到跨期最优的约束，我们不能忽视前瞻性变量对居民行为的影响。     

Influence Allocation Methods in Group Decision Support Systems

Influence allocation processes are voting and opinion aggregating methods that allow members to distribute some or all of their decision making influence to others in the group in order to exploit not only the group's knowledge of the alternatives, but its knowledge of itself. Only with the common use of group decision support systems (GDSS) has their use become practical. In this paper we reconsider SPAN, an influence allocation process introduced by MacKinnon (1966a). Experimental comparison shows SPAN to be significantly better at selecting a correct option from a set of options than two common voting methods. An alternative influence allocation process that we call RCON (Rational Consensus), is based on a weighting method proposed by DeGroot (1974) and has been explicated as a normative standard for combining opinion by Lehrer and Wagner (1981). The judgmental inputs to SPAN would appear to be logically related to those for RCON. Submitting the SPAN inputs from the experiment, transformed in this logical way, to the RCON process results in somewhat better performance than with SPAN. However, evidence indicated that the two methods are conceptually and psychologically sufficiently different that an experimental comparison is needed between them.     

Creating a quantum design schema: Integrating extra-rational and rational learning processes

The traditional, linear, rational models of designing have over-simplified a complex process; unfortunately, this simplification misrepresents reality. Students need to become aware of the ambiguous nature of a complex process such as designing just as they need to be introduced to the ambiguous nature of living in a modern world. The challenge is to develop a design process to be used as a teaching/learning strategy that is non-linear, that integrates processes from the rational and extra-rational levels of the mind and which captures the ambiguous nature of the design process. Using the counter-intuitive behaviour that exists in quantum theory as an analogy seems best to describe the true nature of designing.Dr. Tom Puk is Coordinator of Continuing Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. He teaches in preservice, continuing education and graduate programs, and has conducted major research for Ontario Ministry of Education on Technology Education and Design Processes in 1991; this research was used to develop two provincial curriculum guidelines for all schools in Ontario. Email: tpuk@sky.LakeheadU.CA     

The Significance of Credit Rationing on Real Investment Activity – A Test for the Significance of Capital-Market Imperfection in Japan

Does bank credit matter to the real investment finance of firms? If so, to what kind of firms does it matter, and why? Despite the progress of research in this field, there is still little empirical consensus on these problems. This paper contributes to the understanding of capital-market imperfection in Japan by answering these questions. I introduce new methods to test the significance of credit rationing and show that bank credit is indeed a very important determinant of real investment activity of small firms. The availability of long-term loans has particularly significant effects on the investment opportunities of small firms, although large firms with capital of more than 1 billion yen are free from credit rationing. JEL Classification Numbers: C51, E44, G21.     

经济学视野中的学报运营

学报是具有较强正外部性的商品,但政府并没有对这种正外部性给予专项补偿,因此它的运作缺乏激励机制和约束机制.根据经济学中的"理性人"假设,对学报的出资方、编辑、读者、作者的行为进行分析,得出结论:该市场参与者各方从"理性人"角度,为了获取最大利益,进行了最有利于增加自己收益的行为选择.他们的行为选择最终导致学报运营效率低下,资源浪费现象严重,因此,学报运营机制的改变是提高学报社会效益的根本出路.     

课题成功申报之关键——理性创新

论文以大学在校本科生申请科研课题为研究对象,以做过学士、硕士学位论文,即将完成博士学位论文,并多次主研、完成省部级科研课题,具有相当研究能力的青年学者的身份,从课题研究内容、研究方法和研究创新等方面阐述如何撰写课题申报书。其新意在于,明确提出课题成功申报的关键是理性创新,并对创新,特别是理性创新的"理性"做出了富有创见的说明。