我国城镇居民人力投资行为变迁与投资理性

改革开放二十年我国城镇居民投资行为发生了很大变化 ,人力资本投资逐渐提升 ,进入 90年代这一趋势越发显著。究其原因 ,对投资收益率的考虑、潜在失业风险、民族文化的影响是重要的因素。但是人力投资收益率相对较低 ,居民人力投资缺乏理性是我国当前存在的突出问题。建立理性的居民人力资本投资模式不仅有利于居民收益最大化 ,而且有利于政府宏观调控目标的实现。     

如何加强项目施工设备的管理

文章针对水电项目施工设备管理过程中存在的完好率、使用率较低,施工现场设备维修保养力度不够等问题,通过对施工设备技术进行经济性分析,结合现场管理实践经验,提出合理使用与精心维护保养设备的措施,为强化全员管理提供有力保障。     

2008年我国物价上涨压力依然较大

综合分析各种因素,指出2008年物价上涨的压力依然较大。要正视2008年物价上行的压力,尤其要高度重视资产价格泡沫,及时出台调控措施,调节和稳定居民通胀预期,努力防止结构性涨价演变为整体性的通货膨胀。     

美元贬值的战略应对与人民币升值的经济压力

当前国内外金融市场面临的焦点问题是美元贬值与人民币升值,从而引起人们对美国经济衰退的担忧以及对中国经济的乐观预期。事实上,美元贬值是美国实施金融综合战略的重要手段,美国经济只是保持低速度的增长态势;而人民币汇率的单边上涨趋势,不仅违背了我国汇率改革的基本方针,而且危及了我国改革开放的利益和安全。从当前经济金融形势来预期未来汇率：美元与人民币汇率全年将呈现反向运行,即2008年上半年美元集中贬值,人民币突出升值;2008年下半年美元则反转为升值,人民币将出现贬值。     

Incenting managers toward the triple bottom line: An agency and social norm perspective

Research to date has identified CEO pay structure as an important factor in the environmental and social performance of the organization but has not considered how pay may influence these sustainability efforts at the middle‐management level. We address this void with an experimental manipulation of direct and indirect pay incentives for an environmental sustainability project and production cost savings project. Counter to our predictions, investment in sustainability versus cost savings is significantly lower when incentives for both projects are equivalent, and investment is only comparable when incentives for the sustainability project are superior. Further investigation using qualitative data attributes this to differences in the salient social norms that individuals hold and an apparent undervaluing of the indirect incentive derived through sustainability's contribution to cost savings. The results shed light on primary ways in which human resource management practices may be used to embed support for sustainability initiatives throughout the organization.     

Sustainable Development and Certification Practices: Lessons Learned and Prospects

This paper investigates the extent to which certification auditing can contribute to the realization of organizational accountability for sustainable development. A theoretical framework based on a critical analysis of financial and ISO auditing practices is proposed to shed light on the misconceptions, paradoxes and rational myths underlying the institutionalization of auditing practices in the area of corporate sustainability. As such, this paper casts doubt on the imagery of impartiality, rigor and accountability projected by organizations through discourses of certification. It also illustrates the pertinence of studying the auditing function from a cross‐disciplinary viewpoint, and of paying attention to the processes by which auditing travels from one discipline to another. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

数学期望在物流管理中的应用

作者通过几个实例介绍了数学期望在物流管理中进行决策、选择最优采购批量、最优库存量以及设备维护问题等方面的应用,说明了数学期望在物流管理中的作用。     

Applying Intermediate Microeconomics to Terrorism

The authors show how microeconomic concepts and principles are applicable to the study of terrorism. The utility maximization model provides insights into both terrorist resource allocation choices and government counterterrorism efforts, and basic game theory helps characterize the strategic interdependencies among terrorists and governments.     

On Microfoundations and Keynes’ Economics

Most mainstream economists regard the principles of ‘rational choice’ theory as the only foundation of economics and insist that macroeconomics be based on those principles. These include certainty or certainty-equivalence, which followers of Keynes reject. Macrofoundations of microeconomics are often proposed instead. We argue that the issue is more complex and explain why it is unlikely that a logically watertight fit between the two levels of analysis will ever be achieved. The complex interactions within and between the two levels suggest that it is unhelpful to assign foundational status to either level. We examine Keynes’ General Theory is examined as an example and compromises are found to fit the two together. It is argued that compromise is inevitable and that good theorising entails defending the compromises made.     

Was Bentham a primitive rational choice theory predecessor?

This paper challenges the view of Jeremy Bentham as a primitive predecessor of rational choice theory and welfare economics. The psychological hedonism in Bentham is of a rather weak form – net pleasure motivates behaviour, but we are not always capable of its maximisation. Thus, the outcome of our choices is not necessarily in our best interest and the aggregation of our revealed preferences is not necessarily a good indicator of general happiness. The bottom line is that the underpinnings of Bentham's utilitarianism are better aligned with contemporary psychological theory than previously thought, which puts his ethical thinking on firmer ground.