Date Envelopment Analysis of Steelmakers＇ Economical Scale in China

In view of the fact that Chinese steelmakers are not in a developed competitive market, the economical scale of Chinese iron and steel enterprises is measured by Date Envelopment Analysis （DEA） in batches compared with international one. The deep reasons are revealed why Chinese large steelmakers are in batches not in economical scale.     

对我国外贸发展规模与质量问题几点思考

改革开放二十多年来，我国对外贸易已具有了相当规模，对我国经济增长做出了巨大的贡献。但同发达国家相比还存在着很大的差距。召集世界经济陷入低迷状态，我国还要履行入世承诺。在这种“内外双紧”的环境下，我国对外贸易保持适度的发展规模，同时改善外贸质量显得尤为重要。     

Market integration and imperfect competition in labor and product markets

We analyze the consequences of product market integration in a simple two-country, two-sector, general-equilibrium model with imperfect competition due to economies of scale. In contrast to the existing literature we take explicit account of the labor-market structures in the integrating economies. It turns out that the specific labor-market structures are very important for how integration affects total production and product market structure in a particular economy. However, integration always gives rise to a welfare gain in both economies.I have benefitted from comments by an anonymous referee, a coeditor of this journal, and by participants in a workshop arranged by CIE in April 1992, at the University of Aarhus, and by participants at the EEA conference in Dublin 1992.     

我国商标法再完善的几个问题

为了适应当前建立社会主义市场经济的需要和国际形势的发展，同国际公约有关商标权的规定接轨，我国商标法继１９９３年修改完善后又面临进一步修改完善的问题。本文试从１９９３年商标法修改完善的主要内容；现行商标法的保护范围应进一步扩大；商标法其它几个有待完善的问题三个方面进行了论述。     

Performance improvement decision aid systems (PIDAS) in retailing organizations using data envelopment analysis

This paper investigates the usefulness of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to aid decision making in multi-level retail organizations. It is argued that market efficiency is a key performance measurement dimension in retail organizations. The paper proposes three variants of market efficency that correspond to different tiers of management in a multi-level setting. The disentanglement of market efficiency will lead to the development of the Performance Improvement Decision Aid System (PIDAS) which seeks to classify units on clusters of different performance profile. The method is illustrated using data from a restaurant chain in the UK.     

The Influence of Familial Reference Groups on Consumer Decisions in Different Culture Context

This paper examines the influence of familial reference groups on individuals＇ product and brand decisions for products across two kinds of culture. The study is addressed through an examination of intergenerational influences across the two different cultures. The results of the study lend support to the original approach and also provide an insight look into how reference group influence may vary depending on different culture context. The paper also provides very useful advice for marketers when they apply western marketing concepts in China market.     

The Sun Also Rises: Productivity Convergence Between Japan and the USA

The growth process for a technological leader is different from that of a follower. While followers can grow through imitation and capital deepening, a leader must undertake original research. This suggests that as the gap between the leader and the follower narrows, the follower must undertake more genuinely innovative R&D and possibly face a slower overall growth rate. The results of a dynamic panel equilibrium-correction model of productivity growth suggest that the productivity gap with the USA had a strong effect on the growth of Japanese manufacturing, and that changes in R&D intensity also made a significant contribution. Moreover, the effect of the productivity gap was significantly higher in industries that had higher R&D intensities, higher levels of human capital, and were more open to exports. This paper is based upon Chapter 5 of my D.Phil. thesis at the University of Oxford. It was partly written while I was a Visiting Scholar at the Foundation for Advanced Information & Research, Tokyo, and was supported by a Sanwa Bank Foundation Research Fellowship and ESRC grants R000234954 and R000237500.     

Dynamic Efficiency with Learning by Doing

This article focuses on the measurement of economic efficiency of firms in an industry in a dynamic framework, where R&D investments and learning experience play critical roles. Dynamic aspects of cost and production efficiency and the impact of capital through learning by doing are developed here in semiparametric forms. The production and cost frontiers estimated here for the US computer industry over the period 1987–98 are robust in the sense that no specific functional form need be assumed. The empirical estimates measure the pattern of level and growth efficiency in the computer industry, which has undergone rapid changes in recent years.