Giffen goods and market making

Summary. This paper shows that information effects per se are not responsible for the Giffen goods anomaly affecting traders demands in multi asset noisy, rational expectations equilibrium markets. The role that information plays in traders strategies also matters. In a market with risk averse, uninformed traders, informed agents have a dual trading motive: speculation and market making. The former entails using prices to assess the effect of error terms; the latter requires employing them to disentangle noise traders demands within aggregate orders. In a correlated environment this complicates the signal extraction problem and may generate upward sloping demand curves. Assuming (i) that competitive, risk neutral market makers price the assets or that (ii) uninformed traders risk tolerance coefficient grows unboundedly, removes the market making component from informed traders demands rendering them well behaved in prices.Received: 30 April 2002, Revised: 3 December 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: G100, G120, G140.Support from the Barcelona Economics Program of CREA and the Ente per gli Studi Monetari e Finanziari Luigi Einaudi, are gratefully acknowledged. I thank Anat Admati, Jordi Caballé, Giacinta Cestone, and Xavier Vives for useful suggestions. The comments provided by the Associate Editor and an anonymous referee greatly improved the papers exposition.     

Making green discourses matter in policy-making: Learning from discursive power struggles within the policy area of car taxation

This paper is about stability and change in the policy-making discourse of a traditional neoclassical policy area, the area of car taxation. Stability is here related to the unquestioned continuation of a traditional neoclassical economics perspective in policy-making, whereas change is related to the introduction and impact of environmental concerns. The aim of the paper is to investigate, what makes green discourses matter in traditional policy-making. It is based on an in-depth study of policy-making processes related to car taxation in two environmental front-runner countries, Sweden and Denmark.Making green discourses matter in policy-making is an important contemporary environmental challenge. Therefore, as Tian Shi argues, we need more research into the institutional setting of the policy-making process. Ecological economics as a policy science has to have a broad understanding of the political economic nature of the policy process. Taking this standpoint as the point of departure, the paper seeks to uncover questions such as, what is the policy-making reality in which Swedish and Danish green discourses have to make a difference? How do existing neoclassical regimes react, when green actors attempt to influence policy-making from an environmental point of view? And to what extent can green discourses actually have an impact on the policy world within the area of car taxation?The paper concludes that the traditional neoclassical economic discourse is particularly robust and resistant against alternative green discourses. Stability rather than change is the dominating picture. This does not imply that environmental concerns will not be taken into account in the future. Rather it implies that only the changes, which keep up the existing order, or enhance the narrow power-related interests of the dominating actors, will materialise more or less easily. The rest is a power struggle in which timing, coalition-building, persistence and thorough knowledge about the field in question is of importance. In this struggle change agents will also benefit from the ability to rethink dominating ways of thinking and doing in an environmentally benign way. A rethinking that is based on environmental values while at the same time holding positive visions that are ‘compatible’ with the existing dominating discourse.     

从“其他绿地”到“区域绿地”： 城市非建设用地下的绿地规划转型 与优化

新版《城市绿地分类标准》(CJJ/T 85—2017)以“区域绿地”代替“其他绿地”，这为城市非建设用地下绿地的保护利用提出了新的要求和目标。解读新标准指导下城市非建设用地中的绿地建设发展要求并进行科学合理的规划，是响应当前城市绿色发展新形势和满足人民日益增长的美好生活新需求所面临的重要课题之一。聚焦从“其他绿地”到“区域绿地”的分类调整，分析新标准下区域绿地的内涵和特征。以河北省承德市为例，结合城乡发展需求，阐述区域绿地规划的核心转型思路。并从目标、内容、方法和评价等方面，论述区域绿地设定下城市非建设用地中绿地规划的具体内容和方向。最后从空间政策、发展引导、部门合作和大众参与等方面，提出了规划实施保障优化的策略。以“区域绿地”的解读为源，聚焦当前城市建设用地内外绿地规划建设割裂的现状问题，提出区域绿地规划的转型优化措施和实践经验，以期为新时代中国城市绿色空间的拓展与优化提供参考。     

地区专业化形成机制研究

传统经济学文献强调地域特有资源对区域专业化形成的影响，克鲁格曼等新经济地理学家则强调基于企业规模经济的累积过程机制，本文以马歇尔关于地方化产业形成机制的理论分析为基础，以初创企业建立及其带来的市场信息和技术知识溢出来解释区域专业化的形成。     

东部地区在区域经济协调发展中要发挥更大作用

“八五”以来，我国东部沿海地区充分利用区位优势和现实经济条件，依靠科技力量，致力于产业结构升级换代，积极转变经济增长方式，形成了一批现代化的企业集团和企业家队伍，经济增长方式上完成了由劳动密集型向资本、技术密集型的转变，积累了大量的资本，为东西部地区协调发展创造了条件。     

论长江干流地区经济协调发展

长江干流上中下游地区经济差距正在逐步扩大、欠发达地区、发展中地区与发达地区并存。区位和政策、经济基础、资金和市场、教育科技水平是形成这种差距的主要因素。今后需分工合作、优势互补、上下联动、共同发展。具体说来,即贯彻和落实国家关于区域经济协调发展的政策和加快中西部地区发展的战略;抓住浦东开发和三峡工程上马两个契机,推动干流地区经济合作与发展;加快产业结构的调整;重视上游地区城乡协调发展;在上游地区积极培育区域经济的生长点和发展轴;在微观上实行反梯度推进战略;发挥区域协作组织的作用,实施"一帮一"工程;加上上游防护林带建设和上中游的水土保护工作．严格控制有毒物质的排放．加强环境整治工作和灾害防御能力建设。     

基于行政学原理的区域旅游不合作研究

随着世界经济全球化和一体化不断深化,区域经济的集团化、合作化趋势日益增强,区域旅游也不例外。但是,在我国区域旅游合作迅猛发展的过程中,区域旅游不合作仍是一个较为突出的现象或问题。运用行政学的相关原理,在列举出几个典型的区域旅游不合案例并对之进行分析的基础上,提出了解决对策建议。     

创新视角下的人力资源管理研究述评:个体、组织、区域三个层面的研究

创新已成为当今社会越来越重要的经济发展动因,人力资源作为创新能力的最根本载体,是创新的第一资源。在我国推动“创新国家”建设战略的背景下,以创新为导向的人力资源管理建设成为重要的战略性命题。本文从个体创造力、组织人力资源管理和区域人才发展战略实施的角度,对国内外相关研究文献进行梳理,给出了一些有意义的分析结论。     

区域可持续发展预警系统研究

从系统观念出发，研究了区域可持续发展预警系统的功能与基本结构问题，并结合洛阳实际，设计了预警系统指标体系、衡量与评价方案，旨在尝试构建可持续发展预警系统的框架，为可持续发展的定量研究提供一个新的思路。     

河西地区农牧地域分异与农牧耦合探讨

农牧耦合存在两种基本耦合类型:一是特定地域农(牧)生态系统中农牧业生产之间的内部耦合;二是不同地域农(牧)生态系统之间的农牧空间耦合。在对河西地区农牧空间耦合的自然环境、历史发展、现状结构和问题分析基础上,结合对农牧空间耦合的理论探讨,提出了河西地区农牧空间耦合的发展对策。