迁移类型、户籍身份与工资收入水平*

本文基于2013年中国居民收入调查数据（CHIP）,考察各类迁移对工资收入水平的影响。OLS及PSM估计结果均表明各类迁移有利于工资收入水平的提升;采用局部工具变量法进行稳健性检验,发现本文的研究结论依然成立。分迁移范围来看,市外迁移的平均收入增长效应大于市内迁移的平均收入增长效应;分户籍类型来看,农村户籍迁移的平均收入增长效应大于城市户籍的平均收入增长效应。综合比较各种迁移类型的收入增长效应,由强至弱可以将其排列为：永久移民市外迁移、农村户籍市外迁移、本地居民市外迁移、城市户籍市外迁移、农村户籍市内迁移、城市户籍市内迁移、本地居民市内迁移、永久移民市内迁移。城市化的核心在于满足居民的自由迁移意愿,从本文的研究结论来看,鼓励就近城市化而妨碍人口跨区域流动的城市化模式尚未得到收入增长激励的支撑。在推动户籍制度改革及公共服务均等化的同时,应注重建立全国统一的要素市场,进一步完善城市的空间结构体系。     

中国就业结构失衡:现状、原因与调整政策

中国的城市化率低,农村就业人口占总就业人口的比例高。就业人口主要集中在东南沿海等经济发达地区。第一产业就业人数比重超过40%,而第三产业就业人数的比重不到33%。缓解中国就业压力的主要途径包括进一步深化户籍制度和土地制度改革,将经济增长模式由以外需为主调整为以内需为主,通过城市化协调区域和城乡发展,实现就业机会在地区和城乡之间的平衡,进一步放松管制和打破行业垄断,促进民营经济和中小企业的发展。     

论物权的行政法律保护制度之完善

行政法授权国家行政机关进行物权的行政管理,其具体行政行为可以有效地保证物权的安全,为物权的充分行使提供良好的法治条件.但要使行政机关更加科学有效地保护物权,则必须坚持＂公共利益＂界定法律化、行政行为程序法制化、行政救济制度法治化,必须建立全国统一的物权登记制度,完善国家行政补偿制度,大力推进物权行政保护制度化建设,不断完善行政监督制约机制.     

澳大利亚工程服务市场准入制度分析与启示

建筑市场准入制度的建立和完善,关系到建筑业健康持续的发展和社会公众的利益。文章通过对澳大利亚等国家建设工程专业人员注册管理和市场准入制度的研究,从注册管理和市场准入的目的和两者的关系、注册管理机构的性质和工作、政府和行业协会的角色和作用等方面进行了分析,归纳了这些国家在注册管理和市场准入领域内的若干习惯做法,以资我国建筑市场准入制度完善的参考。     

保证金制度下C2C逆向物流平台定价研究

基于双边市场理论,引入保证金制度,建立5种定价模型,为C2C逆向物流平台选择均衡定价决策提供参考。研究发现,双寡头竞争市场中任一平台不会率先收取保证金,保证金的收取有可能使得平台对用户收取的注册费为负,并且5种定价模式中,大部分情况下平台选择对卖家收取保证金、对买家收取注册费时平台获取的利润最大。     

政策偏向、省会首位度与城市规模分布

2010年后,部分省份强化了提升省内中心城市首位度的政策导向,这种以行政手段提升首位度的做法,会对城镇格局以及居民福利产生怎样的影响?本文基于量化空间模型,将影响城市规模的因素分解为生产率、用地指标、用地结构、就业机会、外生舒适度与住房有效供给率等维度,利用反事实方法评估了提升首位度的相关政策对居民福利、GDP以及城市规模分布的影响。研究发现:①当省级层面给予省会及副省级城市更多用地指标时,可以在提高这些城市首位度的同时提升总体GDP水平,但会导致均衡时居民福利水平有所降低;②GDP与福利的非同步变动,源于户籍制度影响下人口要素与土地要素的空间错配,即省会及副省级城市人口集聚不足而一般地级市用地约束加强;③若降低落户门槛或消除省内城市间住房有效供给率的差异,均能使GDP与福利水平同时提高,且城市规模分布向Zipf定律收敛。为此,以提升经济密度为导向,以渐进的户籍改革为手段推动人口向省会及副省级城市集聚,多管齐下提高省会及副省级城市住房有效供给水平,是优化城市规模分布、实现新型城镇化高质量发展的关键。     

收入分布、户籍地差异与城镇居民牛肉消费基于广义双栏模型的实证研究

[目的]我国社会经济发展已进入追求高质量增长模式的新时代,以牛肉为代表的优质畜产品逐渐成为城镇居民餐桌上的新宠,文章重点研究了中国城镇居民牛肉消费的收入阶层异质性和户籍地差异特征,并模拟分析了收入分布变化对不同户籍类型家庭牛肉消费的影响。[方法]运用广义双栏模型,基于国家统计局的6省区城镇住户微观调查数据,识别了牛肉消费的影响因素并估计了不同收入阶层的牛肉需求的收入弹性,最后基于收入弹性和收入增长率模拟分析收入分布变化的影响效果。[结果]随着我国城镇居民生活水平的提升和畜产品消费结构的升级,未来牛肉需求将会不断扩大;户籍地差异会对居民牛肉消费产生显著影响,户籍制度限制了居民的牛肉消费需求,但收入的增长可弥补部分户籍制度带来的福利差异;缩小收入差距,提升中等收入群体家庭收入的增长模式能够显著增加居民牛肉需求,尤其是提升农民工群体的收入。[结论]未来需要继续通过供给侧改革来应对牛肉需求的激增,扩大中等收入群体并重视农民工群体的发展是全面建成小康社会的关键环节。     

LADM-based modeling of the unified registration of immovable property in China

In China, the types of immovable property objects cover not only land (a typical immovable property object) but also buildings, sea areas, forests, etc., and the general idea of unified registration of immovables (as the newest development and hottest topic in field of land administration in China) proposed by Property Law of the People’s Republic of China (2007) is not detailed until 2014 when “Interim Regulations on Real Estate Registration” was enacted and would come into force in 2015. This paper focuses on modeling of unified registration of immovables in China whose cores rely on “4 unifications” (i.e., unification of registering basis, unification of registering authorities, unification of information management platform, unification of registering books) using the world-wide advanced standard LADM (Land Administration Domain Model). In detail, the typical 8 immovable property rights (right to use construction land/forest land/sea area, ownership of houses/forests/marine structures, right to contractual management of arable land/grass land) are firstly introduced; then change of register types before and after unified registration (as one important component of “unification of registering basis”) is described; later, comparison of register procedures reflecting “unification of authorities”, “unification of information management platform” and “unification of registering books” is modeled using LADM where parties, 3R, spatial units package are greatly referenced which is followed by elaboration of a newly proposed URDMIPO (Unified Registration Data Model for Immovable Property Object). However, the complete implementation of unified registration in China will still take a long time.     

Tenure security,land registration and customary tenure in a peri-urban Accra community

The study examines the strategies that people use to secure their interests in land in a peri-urban Accra customary community. In a contested chieftaincy, customary leaders sell agricultural and virgin land to strangers for residential purposes, causing conflict and altering traditional livelihoods, and the proceeds of the sales do not flow to members of the lineage group. Violence and murder, involving land guards hired to defend different land claims or to drive farmers off their land, have occurred. The case confirms theory describing the behavioural patterns to be expected during major social change typically found in peri-urban areas when government is unable or unwilling to enforce the law. The flexible, negotiable rules characteristic of customary systems can be manipulated by individuals seeking power and control over land. Accepting that customary land administration is here to stay, the case supports the view that the customary system needs major reform to incorporate local-level checks and balances on land administration to make customary leaders accountable as fiduciaries. In terms of registration usage theory customary landholders in the study area saw title deeds as marginally useful in their agricultural lands but not in family compounds, whereas for strangers registration is essential.     

论实施农民转移与住房置换战略的保障：主要农村制度的创新——基于对宁夏的调查

农民就近转移与住房置换战略的协调实施,将会有效减少农业人口、促进农村城镇化和加快社会主义新农村建设。但施行这一战略,要求解决主要农村制度的创新和如何实施创新问题。而能否成功实施此战略的关键,就在于对诸如户籍、农村土地承包经营管理和宅基地制度等主要农村制度的创新和创建。