收入不平等下的零加成改革*——医生策略反应与医疗支出再分配

本文主要研究药品零加成改革引起的医疗支出在病情间的再分配效应。首先，本文利用中国健康与养老追踪调查进行双重差分分析，讨论改革对医疗支出在病情间分配的影响。回归结果显示，地区平均药占比每增加10个百分点，病情严重程度等于均值的患者的总治疗费用将显著上升513%。在此基础上，病情严重程度每增加1个标准差，患者的总治疗费用将少增加298%。进一步，本文在患者收入、病情二维异质性的框架下讨论了这种现象可能的成因并从实证上进行验证。分析表明，改革提高了对重症更有益的诊疗手段的相对价格，改变了医生在诊疗方案上的选择。这种改变会因患者的支付能力不同而有差异，相比收入低且病情较重的患者，医生更多地对收入高且病情较轻的患者使用了对重症更有益的诊疗手段。这种微观选择引起了医疗资源在病情间的扭曲配置和医疗支出向轻病的倾斜。     

The impact of capital goods prices on Africa's economic performance

Over the last four decades, the relative price of investment goods in Africa has gone through a relatively large decrease, resulting in a steady convergence towards the levels recorded in high-income countries. This fact begs the following question: To what extent might the relative price decrease be a driving force behind the economic performance of this continent? The paper addresses this question from the perspective of a panel ARDL approach, using the Solow growth model—augmented with barriers to investment—as a framework. The results reveal that a one-unit decrease in the relative price of investment leads, in the long term, to a 4% increase in per capita GDP, an increase that could be neutralised by a 6.5 percentage points decrease in the savings rate. The findings contribute to the case for a policy mix that combines policies geared towards reducing investment distortions with those promoting savings mobilisation.