我国农业支持与农民收入和消费的再思考——基于整体性的多变量协整系统

把农民收入和消费及财政支农和农村金融置于一个框架下进行了考察。基于1978—2008年数据拟合的多变量协整模型较好地反映了我国农村经济的特点,结果表明,农业财政和金融在长期可显著提高农民收入,金融信贷在短期可有效扩大农民消费,并且农村金融体系较好地保证了内源融资的效率;消费方程反映出我国农民消费具有短视性特点,对同期收入过度敏感。     

Materialism and conspicuous consumption in China: a cross‐cultural examination

With the growing rise in consumer spending and economic power in Asian societies, it is increasingly important to explore the implications of these developments on consumer culture. This cross‐cultural study first discusses the rise of materialism and conspicuous consumption in post‐revolution China then examines differences in these phenomena between young adult consumers, aged 18–35, living in urban China and the United States. Utilizing survey data from over 600 respondents, significant differences were found in both materialism and conspicuous consumption, with Chinese young adults scoring higher in both variables. The findings show, that compared with past comparative studies, it appears both materialism and conspicuous consumption are on the rise among urban Chinese consumers.     

Idiosyncratic use of credit facilities by consumers in an emerging economy

A worldwide increase in household debt since the turn of the century has created considerable concern about the indebtedness of households, especially those in emerging economies that have been hit particularly hard by the global economic slump. In this study, the credit consumption of consumers in Swaziland (N = 264) was investigated by means of a survey that aimed to identify and describe factors that encouraged consumers' use of credit, the influence of credit on their buying behaviour when choosing major household appliances or furniture as well as consumers' knowledge of the conditions of credit facilities that were available for their use in retail. Findings revealed that consumers unequivocally appreciate the convenience that is associated with credit, specifically to cope with unexpected purchases, to benefit from special offers and opportunity to afford expensive goods. These advantages apparently negate the negative consequences such as high interest rates and strain on household budgets. Mean scores that were obtained in the knowledge test that only reflected upon credit agreements that respondents have actually entered into in the past, confirmed their ignorance pertaining to their contractual obligations and their consequent vulnerability. Consumers' age and gender seem to have noteworthy consequences for efforts to enhance informed consumer decision‐making. Younger females were significantly better informed that their older counterpart while the reverse was true for males, although differences were not significant. The significant inverse relationship between income and the LS‐means for the credit knowledge test differ from findings in developed countries and provide valuable opportunity for further investigation.     

江苏后发达地区农村消费者行为特征分析及对策

近年来,江苏农村人口一直占50%左右。在收入低约束下,伴随着流动性约束以及未来收入和支出不确定性的影响,农村居民的消费倾向较低,消费结构也不够合理。本文在分析国内外学者对农村消费者的消费结构研究基础上,利用斯通的线性支出系统模型,对江苏省后发达地区农村消费者的行为进行实证研究,指出该群消费者现有的消费行为特点及存在的问题,并从政府和企业的角度提出了相应的对策。     

流通业对农村居民消费影响的实证研究

随着扩大内需政策的深入,如何进一步拉动农村消费成为中国经济增长的新热点。本文从流通角度研究对农村消费的影响,引入偏最小二乘法,通过运用乡镇企业批发和零售业就业人员数、乡镇企业批发和零售业单位数、农村批发和零售业固定资产投资完成额等指标来建立多元线性回归模型进行实证分析,量化研究农村消费品流通发展与农村居民人均消费之间的关系。模型结果表明,发展流通业能有效拉动农村消费市场,各项指标均对消费支出有着积极有效的促进作用。文章在此基础上提出了对策和建议。     

少数民族地区生态文明建设研究

工业社会以"大量生产、大量消费、大量废弃"为基本特征的工业文明时期,现代工业体系在创造出空前的物质财富和社会繁荣的同时,也不断地消耗、破坏着自然资源和人类的生存环境。我国少数民族群众整体和谐的自然观、敬畏生命的平等观以及循环再生的生产观等生态伦理思想与生态文明的本质是一致的,在生态文明建设中可发挥积极的作用。本文探讨了少数民族地区生态文明建设对策,包括传承少数民族生态伦理文化,发挥民族区域自治的政治优势、完善生态保护的法律法规,培养"生态公民"、提倡"绿色消费"以及发展循环生态产业和低碳产业为主导的特色经济等。     

大力发展低碳经济是解决经济发展与环境保护问题的有效途径

发展低碳经济是解决经济发展与环境保护问题的必然选择和有效途径,其具有降低碳强度、实现低碳生活、加大能源替代、发展低碳能源和无碳能源控制经济体的碳排放弹性三大关键要素,以及经济性、技术性两个重要特征。应提高资源、能源的利用效率,促进我国经济结构和工业结构的优化升级,遏制奢侈浪费现象,在城市化过程中大力推广低碳理念,建立应对气候变化的法律法规,以大力发展低碳经济,有效解决经济发展与环境保护问题。     

新农村建设投资支出对扩大农村消费需求贡献的区域差异分析——基于东、中、西部面板数据的实证分析

本文利用1990-2008年全国31个省区的面板数据,实证分析了我国东、中、西部新农村建设投资支出对刺激农村消费需求的贡献。研究结果表明,东、中、西部地区的新农村建设投资支出均是消费需求的长期原因;除中部地区外,东、西部地区的两者短期关系也成立。新农村建设投资支出对农村居民消费的贡献率存在较明显的地区性差异,西部地区由投资支出所产生的效应最大,中部地区最小。     

我国农民收入与消费结构变化研究

我国的社会经济正在飞速的、健康的发展,已经开始全面的进入到小康社会的新阶段。我国农村的经济虽然也跟随着大的潮流不断前进,但在消费结构上仍与城市相差甚远。本文以农民的收入状况、消费心理作为切入口,简单的进行相关探讨。     

基于季节调整的四川居民消费状况实证分析

由于种种原因,目前中国居民消费的比重偏低,出现了结构失衡。因此,准确把握当前的消费状况和特征,对于制定扩大消费需求的对策来说具有重要的意义。随着灾后重建项目的逐步完成,投资对四川经济的作用日趋减弱,在净出口额并不是很大的状况下消费便成了拉动四川经济增长的主要因素。文章在分析四川居民消费时间序列数据的基础上,运用季节调整的方法,准确分离出消费的长期变动趋势、季节变动趋势、不规则变动因素,并提出了刺激消费、扩大内需的对策建议。