双背压凝汽器抽空气系统的改造及效益分析

分析了某电厂600MW超临界机组双背压凝汽器背压差偏小的原因,为发挥双背压凝汽器的技术优势,对其抽空气系统进行了改造.通过时改造前后抽空气系统不同运行方式的对比试验,证明对双背压凝汽器抽空气系统连接方式的改造,技术上可行,经济效果明显,值得其他同类机组借鉴.     

Bigger and safer: the diffusion of competitive advantage

Research on the diffusion of technologies that give competitive advantage is needed to understand the role of technology in competition. Predictions on which firms first obtain useful technologies are made by cluster theory, which holds that the diffusion is geographically bounded, and network theory, which holds that adoption is more rapid in central network positions. These predictions can be evaluated using data on the diffusion of supplier innovations that give competitive advantage to firms in the buyer industry. Here, the diffusion of new ship types is studied using the heterogeneous diffusion model and data on shipping firm‐shipbuilder networks, showing that valuable innovations remain rare because they are not adopted by distant firms in geographical and network space. The strong influence of geographically dispersed interfirm networks on technology diffusion justifies a greater role of interorganizational networks in the theory of competitive advantage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Managing knowledge in foreign entry strategies: a resource‐based analysis

International strategies vary in their potential to exploit and augment a firm's resources, especially its knowledge base. Resource‐based analysis suggests clustering the diverse entry modes in terms of their exploitation and augmentation characteristics. We thus introduce a new categorization of entry modes based on their potential to augment the resources of an entrant. We then explore the antecedents of these modes, and advance testable propositions delimiting for which firms and in which circumstances each mode maximizes long‐term value creation. Finally, we outline how our resource‐based framework complements transaction‐cost‐based frameworks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

创新团队公平感知与知识共享行为关系研究——以成员信任为中介变量

创新团队组织形式的蓬勃发展使得团队成员的绩效激励方式成为众多管理者的研究课题。团队中掌握独特隐性知识的成员往往不愿意共享自身的有利于团队的创新知识,从而给团队的发展带来困难。如何针对这类员工做出有利于团队整体绩效提升的激励活动,是创新团队管理者和所有创新团队工作模式研究者的共同目标。通过数据模型的回归,得出如下结论:创新团队的成员公平感知与成员知识共享行为正向相关,成员对互动公平的感知对知识共享行为的影响最为显著。验证了创新团队成员信任在成员公平感知与知识共享行为之间的中介效用。     

我国软件外包承接城市效率评价与驱动因素研究

就 业问题、环境污染以及从业人员研发能力下降已经成为制约软件外包承接城市发展的瓶颈问 题。文章运用DEA方法构建考虑非期望产出和非合意变量的软件外包承接效率评价模型,重 点比较不同模型下我国软件外包承接城市效率的差异,并引入Tobit回归分析软件外包承接 城市效率的驱动因素。研究发现：我国软件外包承接城市的投入产出组合在逐步优化,且东 部沿海城市的效率值明显优于中西部城市,其中大连市的效率值始终为1,处于生产的前沿 面。另外,人才竞争力对软件外包承接城市效率有显著的正向影响,信息技术基础设施竞争力与承接效率的关系呈显著负相关。     

基于城市视角下新能源汽车产业技术创新效率评价

在能源和环境问题日益凸显的情况下,新能源汽车的发展无疑为我国汽车产业的发展提供了新 的契机。借鉴区域和产业技术创新效率评价研究范式,结合新能源汽车特点,论文有针对性 地选取评价指标,以11个新能源汽车主要推广城市创新数据为基础,在城市视角下应用主成 分分析与DEA的组合方法,定量评价了其技术创新效率。通过对投入产出数据的DEA有效性进 行对比分析,发现这11个城市的整体技术创新效率偏低,主要是受规模效率与纯技术效率交 叉作用影响,且普遍存在新产品开发投入冗余、研发支出投入过多、企业规模不合理和资源 利用效率不高等问题。最后根据分析结果进一步提出了对策建议。     

协同技术创新中的技术互补、资源互补与技术创新能力研究

本文基于柯布--道格拉斯生产函数,结合微观经济学的相关理论,分析了协同技术创新对高技术企业与传统企业生产过程的提升作用。同时,通过实证研究和回归分析,结果表明,高技术企业和传统企业之间的技术互补和资源互补对高技术企业和传统企业的技术创新能力都有着积极显著的影响。     

中国能源利用效率省际分异与影响因素的实证研究

根据中国能源利用效率的省际差异显著而且当前节能任务艰巨的事实,提出了进行能源效率地区差异因素分析的必要性。基于2007年的截面数据,运用偏最小二乘回归建模,分析了各因素对能源效率地区差异的影响方向和影响程度。研究结果表明,各地区固定资产投资中外商投资比重、工业增加值中高耗能产业比重以及煤炭消费比重的差异是造成能源效率地区差异显著的主要原因。要在短期内缩小地区间的能源效率差距,必须严格限制高耗能行业的过快发展,加强高耗能行业的结构调整,加快淘汰落后生产能力,大力提升煤炭的使用效率。     

Fuzzy Pair-wise Dominance and Implications for Technical Efficiency Performance Assessment

Classically, the concept of efficiency measurement is based on the definition of a frontier that envelops the observed production plans. The efficiency score itself is based on the distance of an observed production plan from this frontier. The frontier along with the required technological assumptions (such as convexity) needed for its definition may be replaced with the concept of pair-wise dominance. This concept leads to a classification scheme for all production plans instead of a ranking based on efficiency scores. Also, the traditional assumption of deterministic or crisp production plans may be substituted with the weaker assumption of fuzzy production plans as proposed by fuzzy set theory. This paper merges these two concepts and defines a new classification scheme based on fuzzy dominance.