公路路面施工过程中滑膜式摊铺机的应用分析

随着经济不断发展,我国的城市化进程也在不断前进,因此促进交通发展公路建设项目开始不断增加。在公路施工过程里,滑膜摊铺机已经是其中至关重要的设备之一,目前被大量应用。本文主要针对摊铺机的工作原理进行分析,并对其在公路施工中的应用进行探索,希望以此方式,帮助公路建设提高质量和效率。     

基于调查数据的交通运输行业增加值测算方法思考——以公路货运行业为例

增加值是反映经营活动成果和计算国民生产总值的主要指标。测算交通运输行业增加值,可以反映交通运输行业的投入、产出和经济效益情况,为改善交通运输企业生产经营提供依据。文中依托交通运输部组织开展的专项调查资料,结合国家统计局提供的增加值测算方法,以公路货运行业为例,对交通运输行业的增加值测算方法进行了思考。针对不同的调查内容,给出了两种公路货运行业的增加值测算方法,并对两种方法的优缺点进行了对比说明。     

市政下穿道路中提升支护桩的应用

我国土地资源丰富但毕竟有限,为了节约地表资源,我国地下工程建设越来越多,基坑工程也随之不断发展壮大。支护桩在基坑工程中应用较为广泛,本文结合工程实例对市政下穿道路中提升支护桩的应用展开了论述研究。     

公路道路工程施工技术特点与发展探析

近些年来,伴随我国经济社会的跨越式发展,公路道路的建设规模与日俱增,同时,道路建设中所面临的质量问题也备受瞩目。从宏观上讲,道路工程的施工建设直接关乎到交通运输业的运营和发展,也同城市建设的总体规划息息相关,从这个角度看,道路建设的平稳运行,对于维护国家财产安全以及保障广大居民的人身安全有着重要意义。所以,在公路道路的施工中需严把质量关,增强施工技术的水平。本文首先论述道路工程施工过程中所要解决的主要问题,接着分析道路施工技术的特点及发展前景。     

公路工程路基路面压实施工技术措施的探讨

公路工程中的路基路面压实施工技术是非常重要的施工技术,不仅会直接影响到公路的施工质量,更对路面的坚实程度有着直接的影响。公路工程路基路面压实施工技术的改进和完善对进一步改善公路工程建设质量具有非常重要的意义。     

Road safety determinants in low and middle income countries

The objective of this article is to summarize and review the literature on the determinants of road traffic injuries and fatalities, to identify the relevant research gaps in particular for low and middle income countries. We also present a cross-country analysis of the determinants of road traffic injuries and fatalities that take into account a wide range of potential environmental, economic and social factors. The present study focused on differences based on the level of development. The goal was to identify relevant commonalities that may assist in the creation of road safety policies common to countries at a similar level of development. The countries were divided according to the level of gross national income per capita, and these income-level groups were the primary units of interest. The results presented here focus on the differences by income level.     

Accident risk analysis based on motorway exposure: an application of benchmarking technique for human safety

Abstract

Accident risk analysis for human safety and infrastructural improvement are key requirements of the engineering sector. The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize problematic segments of roads based upon the risk evaluation concept and to focus on the severity of accidents regarding human life loss and easy manoeuvring. This study includes the concept of considering road segments as decision-making units for application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique which has no compulsion of the distribution function and critical assumptions, unlike the multiple regression models. According to the proposed methodology, a section of Motorway (M-2) Lahore-Islamabad has been analyzed. Out of 200 segments under consideration, 99 segments were selected with at least one accident and one injury or fatality. Furthermore, for risk calculation and ranking of road segments, the DEA technique along with the cross-risk matrix method was applied. This optimization technique could not only be helpful in ranking but also technical decision-making and prioritizations for safety improvement, policymaking and budget allocation.     

Laypeople roles at road traffic crash scenes: a systematic review

This study aimed to identify the roles of laypeople at road traffic injuries (RTIs). A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words of ‘laypeople’, ‘layman’, ‘layperson’, ‘bystander’, ‘first responder’, ‘lay first responder’, ‘road traffic’, ‘road traffic injury’, ‘crash injury’, ‘crash scene’, ‘emergency’, ‘trauma care’, and ‘prehospital trauma care’ were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. We did electronic search on Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest. Based on the reviewed studies, some factors such as cultural conditions, knowledge, relief agencies, and demographic factors affect the interventions of laypeople at the crash scene in functional areas. Regarding the permanent presence of people at the crash scene, the present study can provide an opportunity to reduce different side effects of RTIs imposed on the society.     

道路环境对营运出租车与摩托车相撞事故的防范研究

道路原因是造成营运出租车与摩托车相撞的一个重要方面。作为两轮车，摩托车更易受因道路设计、施工、养护和路面情况等道路环境的影响。根据某市的营运出租车与摩托车事故责任认定分析获知，没有对道路环境问题导致事故责任的认定。但这并不能说明该市的道路环境对交通事故无任何影响，只是说明该市交通部门在事故统计中考虑问题的角度不同，所以对于道路的研究也是预防营运出租车与摩托车相撞事故发生的一个重要方面。文中通过某市一路段近年来营运出租车与摩托车发生的交通事故案件，总结和分析研究引起事故的成因，在此基础上研究并构建基于道路环境的营运出租车与摩托车相撞事故的防范体系，由此可有效防范和减少营运出租车与摩托车的相撞事故，降低事故死亡率、减少经济损失，有效遏制重、特大事故。     

Design and implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme: Lessons from the Gundo Lashu labour-intensive programme

This article examines the design and implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme, drawing from the lessons of the Gundo Lashu programme on labour-intensive construction in the road sector. The aim of the study was to examine major barriers to the design and implementation of the programme. The article is based on the analysis of data that were gathered from the Gundo Lashu programme. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, face-to-face interviews with the project participants as well as reviewing key secondary data from the project documents. The study found that the projects under the Gundo Lashu programme have clearly demonstrated the importance of labour-intensive approaches, especially in the road sector. However, these projects were constrained by a wide range of challenges, ranging from a lack of community participation to poor product quality and inadequate planning for sustainable financing.