基于组件式GIS的城市道路查询系统的设计与实现

提出基于MapObjects组件式GIS开发模式开发城市道路查询系统。系统选用目前被公认为最优秀的Shapefile文件格式的数据作为分析数据,对道路查询系统的功能和数据库进行了详细设计。本系统除实现道路基本查询、检索等基本功能外,针对目前网络分析问题研究较少的现状,还进行了一定的网络分析,进行了最优路径规划算法的实现。同时,系统具有一定的可扩展性。     

价值工程在制冷工程项目中的应用

介绍了价值工程的原理。以具体的制冷工程为例,详尽阐述了价值工程在制冷方案选择中的应用过程。在量化功能方面采用了多种评价方法,力求科学、准确地反映方案的价值系数,从而选出最佳方案。     

针对车辆AEB系统失效和误作用场景的研究

本文基于预期功能安全,采用功能分解方法,总结出部分车辆自动紧急制动(AEB)系统失效和误作用场景,并从中选取典型场景作为测试场景,开展不同车型的实车道路试验,总结出AEB系统的缺陷与隐患分类.希望此类研究能为AEB系统失效和误作用测试标准的制定提供参考.     

中国道路运输业营运效率动态分析——基于Malmquist生产力指数

本文运用基于非参数DEA的Malmquist生产力指数,对中国道路运输业在2000年至2004年期间的营运效率进行了分析和评价。研究结果显示,除了在2003年因受“非典”疫情的影响导致其营运效率明显下降之外,中国道路运输业在其他年份营运效率均表现为不同程度的提高,这表明中国道路运输业的生产力总体上呈现出改善的态势;然而,此期间中国道路运输业年均营运效率在降低,且几乎完全是由技术进步水平的降低所导致的,分析结论表明道路运输业的技术进步和营运效率的增长机制存在一定程度的不稳定性。     

重构我国公路产品生产环节的市场结构

文章首先描述了我国公路产品生产环节市场的现状,并指出其具有行政垄断性市场结构的特征;进而运用福利经济学对公路产品生产环节的行政垄断性市场结构进行了深入的经济效率分析,并指出其中存在的巨大福利损失;最后运用有效竞争理论提出了重构我国公路产品生产环节市场结构的若干构想。     

交通因素对黄土丘陵沟壑区空心村变迁的影响分析

[目的]空心村的形成和发展受到众多因素的影响,包括经济因素、自然因素、社会因素、户籍和社保制度,以及管理和规划因素等。由于我国的自然地理和区域发展差异悬殊,不同地形区空心村发展的主要影响因素各不相同。文章探究在复杂地形条件下,交通因素对丘陵沟壑区空心村的产生和发展所产生的影响。[方法]以陕西省澄城县为例,通过实地调查、走访农户、搜集资料等方法,利用交通便利指数、交通距离指数等开展分析,综合考虑了道路崎岖程度、道路质量状况以及经济发展水平等,对研究区的农村空心化现象进行了研究。[结果]崎岖的道路极大地增加了居民的出行成本和时间,不利于农村的基础设施建设和发展;在当前的社会经济条件下,黄土丘陵沟壑区农村的交通便利程度与村庄空心化程度呈现一定的负相关性,即交通条件越好,村庄的空心化程度越低。[结论]在黄土丘陵沟壑区开展空心村整治工程时,可以优先考虑交通条件较差、相对偏远的地区。     

丝绸之路经济带农业经济协作功能分区规划研究

文章通过对丝绸之路经济带的内涵与空间范围进行了界定,将丝绸之路经济带的定义、特征进行了系统描述,并阐述了丝绸之路经济带的建设意义;对经济带的空间范围从核心区、扩展区及辐射区等3方面进行了定位。文章仅对丝绸之路核心地区进行分区,即中国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦及土库曼斯坦等7个国家,针对7个国家的农业功能依据地域性、比较优势、可操作性等原则将核心区划分为3个功能区,分别是东北粮食区,包括中国、俄罗斯及哈萨克斯坦等3个国家;西南棉花区,包括塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦及土库曼斯坦等3个国家;东部畜牧区,为吉尔吉斯斯坦。同时,在对丝绸之路经济带分区的基础上对经济带上沿线国家的农业经济协作提出了3方面建议,分别是应注重各协作区功能产业的顶层设计,尤其是在农业生产基地的布局上,要将协作区农业与城市、工业的联动发展作为首要因素,实现各协作区的互利共赢;选择与各协作区特色农业资源、优势农业产业相适宜的发展模式,积极调整与优化产业结构;建立健全分工与协作机制,合作共进以实现丝绸之路经济带沿线各国经济一体化的目标。     

Understanding road traffic risks from the street hawker’s perspective

This study explored street hawkers’ lived experiences and risks in traffic using the phenomenological case study design. Data from 24 hawkers at three hawking spots and field observations form the basis of our study. A stratified purposeful sampling scheme was employed to ensure a balance of gender and age. Thematic data analytic strategy was employed in the data analysis. We found that participants’ traffic incidents were mainly self-induced, attributable to their negligence on the road, indiscriminate road crossing and car-following behaviour. Our results suggest a perceived relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and personal traffic accident encounters. Also, we noted that the ability to manage traffic risk seem to influence hawkers’ traffic risk perceptions, with gender and age as possible mediators. As this study is exploratory, we recommend further scientific enquiry to explain these issues and to provide the basis for appropriate interventions to manage the road safety implications of this activity.     

Impact of trade cost on China-EU agri-food trade

In this research, we investigate trade costs in relation to China-EU trade in agri-food products during 2001–2015. Major components of trade cost include transportation costs, border-related policy barriers such as tariffs, and local distribution costs. Our results indicate that trade costs between China and EU involving agri-food products, although falling, remain abnormally high. Consequently, we find that trade cost reductions contribute to over half of the overall China-EU trade growth. Our decomposition technique demonstrates that economic growth and trade cost reductions are the key drivers of China-EU trade expansion. Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) would reduce high trade costs to increase EU-China bilateral agricultural trade significantly. This is not fully captured in the gravity models where a static distance is usually used as a proxy to trade cost. The BRI will not reduce the distance, but it will cut transportation and other components of trade cost for China-EU trade.     

Modelling driver propensity for traffic accidents: a comparison of multiple regression analysis and fuzzy approach

Abstract

This research proposes an assessment and decision support model to use when a driver should be examined about their propensity for traffic accidents, based on an estimation of the driver’s psychological traits. The proposed model was tested on a sample of 305 drivers. Each participant completed four psychological tests: the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Aggressive Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (ADBQ), the Manchester Driver Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ) and the Questionnaire for Self-assessment of Driving Ability. In addition, participants completed an extensive demographic and driving survey. Various fuzzy inference systems were tested and each was defined using the well-known Wang-Mendel method for rule-base definition based on empirical data. For this purpose, a programming code was designed and utilized. Based on the obtained results, it was determined which combination of the considered psychological tests provides the best prediction of a driver’s propensity for traffic accidents. The best of the considered fuzzy inference systems might be used as a decision support tool in various situations, such as in recruitment procedures for professional drivers. The validity of the proposed fuzzy approach was confirmed as its implementation provided better results than from statistics, in this case multiple regression analysis.