Spatial Nonstationarity and Spurious Regression: the Case with a Row-normalized Spatial Weights Matrix

Abstract

This paper investigates the spurious regression in the spatial setting where the regressant and regressors may be generated from possible nonstationary spatial autoregressive processes. Under the near unit root specification with a row-normalized spatial weights matrix, it is shown that the possible spurious regression phenomena in the spatial setting are relatively weaker than those in the nonstationary time series scenario. The regression estimates might or might not converge to 0. The divergence might occur only when the regressant has a near unit root much closer to unity than that of the regressor. For the t and F statistics, there could be over-rejection of the null of uncorrelatedness under certain situations, but they do not diverge. However, the coefficient of determination R ² converges to 0, which provides strong evidence of the spurious regression even when t and F statistics are large. Simulation results about different statistics are in line with the theoretical results we derive in this paper.

Non-stationnarité spatiale et fausse régression: l'argument pour la matrice de pondération spatiale à normalisation ‘row-normalized’

RÉSUMÉ?La présente communication se penche sur la fausse régression dans les cadres spatiaux, o[ugrave] des variables dépendantes et des variables explicatives peuvent être produites par d’éventuels procédés autorégressifs spatiaux non stationnaires. Dans le cadre de la spécification de la racine quasi-unitaire, avec une matrice de pondération spatiale normalisée ‘row-normalized’, il est démontré que les phénomènes de fausse régression dans les cadres spatiaux sont relativement plus faibles que ceux du scénario à série chronologique non stationnaire. Pour les statistiques t et F, on pourra assister à une sur-réjection du néant de la non corrélation dans certaines circonstances, mais aucune divergence. Toutefois, le coefficient de détermination R² converge vers 0, en apportant ainsi une preuve substantielle de la fausse, même en présence de statistiques t et F élevées. Les résultats des simulations sur différentes statistiques sont en accord avec les résultats théoriques que nous dérivons dans la présente communication.

No estacionariedad espacial y regresión falsa: el caso con la matriz de pesos espaciales standardizada por filas

RÉSUMÉ?Este trabajo investiga la regresión falsa en el ámbito espacial donde la variable dependiente y las variables independientes pueden generarse a partir de posibles procesos autorregresivos espaciales no estacionarios. Bajo la especificación de raíz unitaria con una matriz de pesos espaciales estandarizada por filas, se muestra que los posibles fenómenos de regresión falsa son relativamente más débiles que los del caso de la serie de tiempo no estacionario. En las estadísticas t y F, podría producirse un sobrerrechazo de la hipótesis nula de incorrelación bajo ciertas situaciones, pero no son divergentes. No obstante, el coeficiente de determinación R² converge a 0, lo que ofrece una evidencia fuerte de la regresión falsa incluso cuando las estadísticas t y F son amplias. Los resultados de simulación sobre diferentes estadísticas se mantienen en línea con los resultados teóricos que obtenemos en este trabajo.

     

Re-examining the Fisher Effect: An Application of Small Sample Distributions of the Covariate Unit Root Test

Abstract

This article employs the covariate unit root test proposed by Elliott and Jansson to investigate the stationarity properties of real interest rates. Instead of blindly trusting the asymptotic distribution of the test, we extend Rudebusch's method to estimate its finite sample distributions under the null and alternative hypotheses. With these distributions, we can obtain the probabilities that the test statistic comes from the null and alternative hypotheses, and quantify the asymptotic size as well as the test power for each specific series. Our simulation experiments show that first, due to the higher power raised by the inclusion of covariates, the test can overwhelmingly reject the unit root null for the 16 industrialized countries; secondly, the Ng and Perron tests deliver lower powers in most countries, and thus lead to the false conclusion of non-stationary real interest rates. Finally, allowing for multiple endogenous breaks in the real interest rates provides only stationary evidence in half of the 16 countries.     

Panel unit root tests under cross section dependence with recursive mean adjustment

Utilizing recursive mean adjustment (RMA) we provide two unit root tests: the covariate RMA unit root test and the panel feasible generalized RMA unit root test. The proposed panel unit root tests are precise and powerful, especially when T > N.     

带结构突变的面板数据单位根伪检验研究

文章利用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了带结构突变的面板数据单位根伪检验问题。研究发现,只有在突变前后样本数相差较大,或者均值突变不明显时,均值突变才不会导致传统面板单位根检验结果失效;趋势突变在绝大多数情况下将导致传统的面板数据单位根检验失效。     

交易者结构与市场行情:来自深圳股票市场的经验证据

证券市场微观结构理论的核心问题是证券价格的形成与决定,众多学者从不同角度探讨证券市场价格的影响因素,其中投资者结构是影响证券价格的一大重要因素.为了探讨影响中国证券市场价格的微观因素,本文使用各种类型投资者数量作为衡量投资者结构的指标,运用协整检验和Granger因果关系检验方法研究深圳股票市场中交易者结构与市场行情间的内在关系.实证结果表明,在深圳股票市场中,市场价格与个人交易者总数之间存在长期稳定的协整关系,个人交易者总数的变化与市场价格变化间存在着显著的单向因果关系,即交易者总数的变化可以通过市场价格的变化来解释.而市场价格与机构交易者总数之间既不存在长期稳定的协整关系,也不存在单向或双向的因果引致关系.     

液体腰轮流量计示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定

结合中国石油长庆油田分公司原油流量计量的实际,利用测量不确定度评定的知识,通过建立数学模型、分析各输入量的标准不确定度、合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度、给出测量不确定度报告,以达到对液体腰轮流量计示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定的目的。     

中国企业品牌运营现状的分析

中国市场已向世界全面开放,市场竞争阵地已从传统的产品、价格转移到以品牌为核心的较量。面对国外品牌的冲击,中国企业必须在充分认识品牌运营现状的基础上,积极开展品牌运营,提高品牌竞争力,才能在国际市场竞争中立于不败之地。     

Market development and market efficiency: evidence based on nonlinear panel unit root tests

This study tests the weak form market efficiency of 32 European stock markets. Utilizing monthly data from June 2006 to June 2017, six different, newly developed nonlinear panel root tests were applied in three different groups of European markets: Frontier, Emerging and Developed. The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between different levels of economic development and the weak form market efficiency. Considering the nonlinear structure of the stock market indices, use of linear models might lead to wrong conclusions regarding market efficiency. Using several nonlinear panel root tests, the results of this study shed more light on the true data generating process of the stock market indices and more appropriately model market efficiency.     

FURTHER EVIDENCE ON MEAN REVERSION IN THE AUSTRALIAN EXCHANGE RATE

In this paper we re‐examine the purchasing power parity (PPP) in Australia for the period February 1970 to April 2005 using an alternative method relative to the previous studies. We underlined large shocks due to depreciations that affected the Australian exchange rate, using outlier methodology. Once we adjusted the data of these outliers that had large, but either temporary or permanent effects on the series, our results show that there is no tendency for PPP in Australia to hold in the long run during this period.