市场份额不应是认定垄断的惟一标准

我们习惯于根据市场份额的大小判断垄断是否成立,而事实上"市场"是个弹性概念,需要放到特定的市场结构当中,结合消费者的选择余地、产品的需求弹性、潜在竞争及技术创新等因素加以考量才具有意义;判断垄断的过程其实就是一个搜寻竞争者的过程。     

振兴东北经济的理性思考

振兴东北老工业基地,天时、地利、人和三者缺一不可,目前东北基本具备这些条件。要建立一个高效的服务型政府,要有明确的发展思路,要有自力更生、艰苦奋斗、开拓进取的真抓实干精神,要建立选用人才、留住人才、吸引人才的机制,要有大力发展民营等非国有经济的具体措施,要实现城乡经济统一规划协调发展,实现东北经济可持续发展,早日进入良性循环发展轨道。     

Debt and Firms' Relationships: The Italian Evidence

Theories that predict the strategic use of debt by players engaged in a verticalrelationship are tested using an empirical model of debt usage. It is found thatfirms selling mainly to other firms are characterised on average by a higherlevel of debt. No evidence supports the notion that buyers increase their leverageto commit themselves not to behave opportunistically towards their suppliers. Theresults in the paper also suggest that group organisation limits the incentive to usedebt strategically within the holding-subsidiaries relationship.     

On the Asymmetric Recognition of Good and Bad News in France, Germany and the United Kingdom

We investigate whether accounting systems recognise bad news more promptly in earnings than good news, where news is proxied by changes in share price. The analysis is based on a sample of firm/years drawn from France, Germany, and the UK during 1990 to 1998. These three countries are the originators of three distinct legal traditions. Previous studies have argued that asymmetric recognition, one manifestation of conservative accounting, is sensitive to legal background and history. We find that in all three countries the contemporaneous association between earnings and returns is much stronger for bad news (i.e. when price changes are negative) than for good news, and although the results are strongest for the UK, and then France, the inter-country differences are not statistically significant. The stronger reaction to bad news is more pronounced for firms with relatively low capitalisation. We also find that the relative persistence of profits and losses are consistent with asymmetric recognition in France and the UK, but not in Germany, and that the more timely recognition of bad news is maintained even when we control for earnings persistence. When we extend the model to include price changes from previous periods, we see that the stronger reaction to bad news decays over time. The results from this model also suggest that 'pervasive' conservatism, unrelated to news, is observed in Germany and France, but the UK results are consistent with optimism. Although asymmetric recognition is generally strongest in the UK and weakest in Germany, and this broadly conforms to our expectations, the differences are less clear than the results from earlier periods.     

发展第三产业优化产业结构

产业结构的升级是经济发展的核心内容，“十五”时期我国经济发展战略的主线是经济结构的调整。本文分析了市场经济发展过程中产业结构演进的一般规律和世界其他国家的经验，认为我国当前的产业结构存在的问题是第三产业的发展滞后，并提出发展第三产业，促进产业结构高级化的政策措施。     

Return generating processes of long-term bonds and measurement of risk: Theory and empirical tests

Using a continuous-time framework, Kazemi (1992) shows that changes in prices of long-term bonds could be perfectly correlated with changes in the representative investor's marginal utility of wealth. Therefore, the equilibrium expected excess return on any security would be proportional to its covariance with changes in prices of long-term bonds. The present paper first extends the above result to a discrete time framework and shows that there are significant differences between the continuous time and discrete time versions of the model. Second, we test an empirical implication of this result; the evidence supports the theoretical model.     

热分析仪SDT-2960的特点及新应用

较详细地介绍了美国ＴＡ公司的ＳＤＴ－２９６０热分析仪的结构、原理、性能,并对其主要应用进行了举例和探讨。     

保险业发展运行中亟待解决的若干问题

保险业在连续多年的快速增长后面临着一系列亟待解决和突破的重大问题,包括发展与转型、区域发展不均衡、如何学习与借鉴国际先进经验、风险防范与支持业务发展、一盘棋与差异化、外部环境配套等问题.保险业的快速发展要兼顾业务结构调整和产品转型.区域发展不均衡既是问题,也意味着中西部存在良好的发展机遇;学习与借鉴国际先进经验要结合中国实际,逐渐推进;风险防范与支持业务发展是辩证统一的关系,不是对立不可调和的;一盘棋思想与差异化政策应该有机结合使用,不可顾此失彼;税收优惠政策的突破与投资渠道的进一步放开是满足广大人民群众保险保障需求和促进保险业健康发展的重要外部环境条件.     

东部地区产业结构调整的新特点与启示

当前我国东部地区正在进行的新一轮产业结构调整,表现出二、三产业并重、产业结构迅速知识化、产业间分工与产业内分工并举等诸多崭新的特点,可以为中、西部地区承接产业转移和提高产业竞争力提供有益的启示。     

数学认知结构发展途径及在教学中的应用

数学认知结构的三种发展途径有数学沿袭、数学实验和数学实践,在数学教学中应正确利用这三种途径帮助学生构建良好的数学认知结构.