Limits to Knowledge Transfer

Abstract

Discussion of the transfer of market-economic principles and practices into the post-command economies of central and eastern Europe is often couched in terms which assert the undoubted inadequacies of the pre-1989 management practices, but which pay insufficient regard to those practices which reflected an adaptive adjustment to the old ways of doing things and which, when carefully examined, testify to the existence of well-developed skills which could be drawn on in developing managers for effective performance in the new market economy. This paper argues that ignorance of these skills leads to misunderstanding of reactions to the change process, and that this misunderstanding may lead to ineffective change interventions. Some suggestions for practice are outlined in the light of different interpretations of the process and consequences of globalisation.     

企业不同主体在隐性知识显性化中的作用分析

隐性知识的显性化涉及到显性化主体和过程两维度。显性化的主体包括组织、管理者和个人,而显性化的过程包括了感知、转化、共享和创新四环节。文章主要在隐性知识显性化四个环节的基础上结合不同主体在其过程中的作用进行分析,来阐明企业隐性知识的显性化过程。     

基于隐性知识外化的会计实践教学师生互动研究

师生之间的知识共享模式直接决定高校会计专业实践教学的效果。基于隐性知识外化的知识创造理论视角对两所高校会计专业师生进行问卷调查的结果显示,学校、教师、学生都以不同的方式对会计实践教学中师生的互动行为施加影响。高校应该一方面加强自身努力,另一方面引导教师与学生作出各自的努力,以更好地开展会计实践教学。     

基于横向知识整合的产业集群创新

横向知识整合引起的产业集群创新存在两个均衡状态:不同规模企业间的知识整合与大企业间的知识整合。目前对产业集群创新,尤其是横向知识整合方面的研究较少。利用博弈论对横向知识整合的产业集群创新活动进行分析,研究横向知识整合的产业集群创新过程中企业之间的最优策略,表明不同规模企业间的稳定均衡是大企业创新小企业模仿,大企业间的稳定均衡是合作式创新。     

从财务会计走向知识会计——一个简单的逻辑思考

知识经济时代的知识企业是以知识资本为主导生产要素的,这就给知识企业的管理活动提出了新的课题,会计作为一项重要的经济管理活动同样面临诸多挑战。知识企业管理对象的重心必须转移：从工业经济时代的工业企业以财务资本为核心的管理转移到知识经济时代的知识企业以知识资本为核心的管理上来。知识企业管理重心的转移．必然导致工业经济时代反映财务资本的财务会计转移到知识经济时代反映知识资本的知识会计上来,以适应知识企业管理对象重心转移的需要。     

演化经济学视角下的技术与知识关系研究——兼论技术知识本质论的局限

认为技术的本质是知识甚至将二者等同起来的技术知识本质论是当前的主流观点,这种观点虽然有所进步但仍有其局限。演化经济学的发展为研究技术与知识关系提供了新视角,通过隐喻生物基因型和表型理论,技术可被理解为是以技术知识作为基因型的表型,是知识和外部环境耦合的结果,是类似于生物技能的人类关于如何做事的指令。这种技术与知识演化关系论不仅具有深刻的理论内涵和现实解释力,也契合现代自然科学和哲学的发展方向,是技术理论发展的必然趋势。     

浅议知识经济下企业管理的创新

阐述了知识经济的来源和管理创新的内涵．分析了知识经济时代管理创新的必要性,从企业战略、组织、文化三个方面探讨了知识经济下企业管理应作的相应创新。     

Healthier futures: primary care nurses’ food knowledge and patient advice

In Finland there are valid questions being asked about the sustainability of the current provision in state healthcare systems. Structurally, lower birth rates and greater longevity mean that populations age and present the challenge of chronic illness management in later life for a larger proportion of the population. Culturally, some 50 years after the introduction of a state healthcare system, ageing populations will have greater expectations of service quality than their predecessors. Paradoxically, they will also have a greater engagement with lifestyles which themselves will bring new challenges to long‐term health status. There is no single solution to the complex problem of service sustainability but undoubtedly health education provides some potential to limit future demands. Diet‐related illness and incapacity are specific health challenges for the coming decades but the problems can be substantially reduced by changing current behaviour. To make such changes possible, knowledge needs to be communicated effectively in terms of simplicity, accuracy and with appropriate timing. Health education can make a major contribution to service sustainability. This paper reports a study of primary care nurses (n = 50) in the Tampere area and examines their capacity to provide healthy eating advice. In this sample, nurses often demonstrated good levels of nutritional knowledge on which to base patient advice, but there was considerable variation. Arguably, focused in‐service training would provide updating on theory and practice for more consistent advice and better prospects for behavioural change.     

Getting From ‘Me’ to ‘We’: Role Clarity,Team Process,and the Transition From Individual Knowledge to Shared Mental Models in Employee Dyads

Shared mental models are crucial for team functioning; however, little research to date has focussed on uncovering the predictors of shared mental models. The present study investigates the effect of role clarity on shared mental models by means of its indirect effects via team process. Two hundred and two undergraduate students participated in a dyadic firefighting simulation in which their role clarity, team process, and mental model similarity were measured. Analyses conducted at the dyadic level suggest that role clarity predicts mental model similarity via its effects on team process. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.