The water footprints of Morocco and the Netherlands: Global water use as a result of domestic consumption of agricultural commodities

The volume of international trade in agricultural commodities is increasing faster than the global volume of production, which is an indicator of growing international dependencies in the area of food supply. Although less obvious, it also implies growing international dependencies in the field of water supply. By importing food, countries also import water in virtual form. The aim of the paper is to assess the water footprints of Morocco, a semi-arid/arid country, and the Netherlands, a humid country. The water footprint of a country is defined as the volume of water used for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The internal water footprint is the volume of water used from domestic water resources; the external water footprint is the volume of water used in other countries to produce goods and services imported and consumed by the inhabitants of the country. The study shows that both Morocco and the Netherlands import more water in virtual form (in the form of water-intensive agricultural commodities) than they export, which makes them dependent on water resources elsewhere in the world. The water footprint calculations show that Morocco depends for 14% on water resources outside its own borders, while the Netherlands depend on foreign water resources for 95%. It is shown that international trade can result in global water saving when a water-intensive commodity is traded from an area where it is produced with high water productivity to an area with lower water productivity. If Morocco had to domestically produce the products that are now imported from the Netherlands, it would require 780 million m³/year. However, the imported products from the Netherlands were actually produced with only 140 million m³/year, which implies a global water saving of 640 million m³/year.     

Bidder Gains and Losses of Firms Involved in Many Acquisitions

Abstract:  We examine shareholders' wealth effects (both in the short- and the long-run) of UK frequent bidders acquiring public, private, and/or subsidiary targets with alternative methods of payment between 1987 and 2004. We find that, in the short-run, bidders break even when acquiring public targets and gain significantly when buying private and subsidiary targets. This result is robust after controlling for relative size, bidder's book-to-market ratio, target origin, and industry diversification. Our long-run evidence, however, reveals that acquirers experience, significant wealth losses regardless of the target type acquired, indicating that markets may initially overreact to the acquisition announcement. As a result, we argue that contrary to Fuller et al. (2002) who suggest that acquiring private and subsidiary firms creates value for bidding firms, a reliable conclusion on bidders' shareholders wealth effects cannot be based solely on a short-run event study.     

高效电动机在化工生产中的应用

文章以江西海利贵溪公司7000t/a高纯度甲萘威原药生产装置为例,对高效电动机的应用进行技术经济分析,说明高效电动机在化工生产中应用的重要意义。     

U.S. Saving and Investment: Policy Implications

Some economists have argued that the close association between domestic saving and investment rates justify polices aimed at altering domestic saving flows so as to influence domestic investment flows. This interpretation assumes an endogenous investment response. Equally likely, theoretically, is that the close association is maintained by movements in saving. The present paper explicitly examines the endogeneity of the U.S. saving and investment flows. Overall the results suggest that while the domestic saving rate responds endogenously, the domestic investment rate does not. This finding may limit the potential benefits of saving policies.     

贝利特水泥的优势及研究现状

贝利特水泥由于能耗低而逐渐引起人们的关注。随后因为它还具有水化热低、耐久性好、干缩小、可利用低品位原料、污染小等优点而引起人们越来越多的研究。虽然贝利持矿物早期强度较低,但通过引入早强矿物或加适当的稳定活化剂或低温煅烧等方式可以解决贝利特水泥早强低的问题。本文综述了贝利特水泥的优势、发展现状以及最新的研究成果,为贝利特水泥的进一步开发与研究提供参考。     

汽车节能和排放环保的现状与发展趋势

文章介绍了由于计算机精确控制的、采用多气阀、高压直喷、稀薄燃烧等新技术的汽车发动机正在普及,现代电子控制装置在发动机上已全面应用,由此带来了油耗降低、排放污染下降显著的效果,并指出新型清洁能源车辆逐步走向实用,其相应的社会配套设施将形成一系列大有可为的全新行业。     

木材节约代用理论述评

在讨论了木材节约代用基本涵义的基础上,总结了中国木材节约代用的历史发展,提出了当前中国发展木材节约代用的背景,介绍了国内外木材节约代用理论,并根据作者对木材节约代用的认识,对国内外木材节约代用理论进行了比较和评价。     

Precautionary Saving and Endogenous Labor Supply with and without Intertemporal Expected Utility

We analyze precautionary saving behavior in a framework with labor and nonlabor income risks, an endogenous supply of labor, and a representation of preferences that disentangles attitudes toward risk, attitudes toward intertemporal substitution, and ordinal preferences for consumption and leisure. This preference structure allows us to disentangle and to describe in an intuitive way the different forces that determine precautionary saving “in the small” and “in the large.”     

基于SVEC模型的中国货币政策效应与规则研究:1996M01-2011M02

本文基于SVEC模型框架,分析了1996年1月至2011年2月期间中国人民银行所使用的多种货币政策工具与多重政策目标之间存在的关系.研究结果表明,物价、产出及货币供给冲击均对利率工具和准备金率工具产生持久、显著的影响,这与通过泰勒规则预测得到的结论基本吻合,但与其预测的反应时滞存在一定的差别.利率和准备金率对实体经济有重要影响,但效果、传导时滞存在差异,同时,两种工具对货币供给冲击的反应既不充分、也不及时.针对以上结论,本文一一作了解释,并在此基础上得到了许多有益启示.     

高压聚乙烯在役老装置高能耗原因分析及对策

针对1号高压聚乙烯在役老装置生产规模小,工艺技术条件陈旧等状况,通过与后续建成投产的2号高压聚乙烯装置进行比较,剖析了其与先进装置存在综合能耗差距的原因;从节电和节约蒸汽等方面,提出了该装置节能降耗的对策;通过实施优化改造,使装置综合能耗(标油)减少70.81kg/t,取得良好的经济效益。