城市污水和垃圾处理的市场化机制研究

分析城市污水和垃圾处理市场化的现状及存在问题，研究发达国家的成功经验，提出我国城市污水和垃圾处理市场化的模式和所要采取的措施．     

规范农（副）产品批发市场建设的对策

农（副）产品批发市场的历史成因和现存问题,不利于调动农民的生产积极性,对于扩大内需,拉动经济,构建社会主义市场经济体系也都是极其不利的,因此确定政府主管部门,彻底解决“群龙治水”的局面,通过税费改革以及提高市场管理人员素质,增强现代管理设施的投入,指导产地生产,疏通流通渠道,加强市场管理,健全法律法规等项综合治理措施,是规范农（副）产品批发市场建设的必然选择。农（副）产品批发市场的规范建设,是开拓     

The relationship between technology and science: Some historical and philosophical reflections. Part I

This essay offers a detailed review of the literature on the relationship between technology and science. It is in two parts. Part I begins by describing science and technology, and the differences between them. It then discusses the commonly-held technology-as-applied-science (TAS) view; the origins of this view, the support for it, and the strong historical and philosophical challenges to it, beginning more than half a century ago, are explored. The development of the steam engine is then offered as a brief case study to illustrate that science-technology relations are more complex than implied by the TAS view. Part I concludes with a consideration of ontological arguments supporting the reverse view, namely that technology is often a necessary precursor to science.Part II, to be published in a following issue, explores some of the consequences of the TAS view. One consequence is that it has generated a story-line in which scientific ideas are emphasised and other factors necessary for technological innovation have been down-played. Another consequence is that, even in cases where technology does apply scientific knowledge, the process of application is often considered obvious; the difficulties of translating ideas into artefacts may not be appreciated. The essay argues for the telling of a more complex story of science-technology relations, one which recognises their historical independence in the past, and their mutual, two-way interaction in many modern fields of endeavour. It concludes with a consideration of some economic and educational implications.     

Transfer sciences: management of distributed knowledge production

This paper is concerned to develop the notion of transfer science to take account of what is perceived to be the emergence of a new mode of knowledge production. The new mode which is characterised by the production of knowledge in the context of application, by transdisciplinarity, by homogeneity and organisational diversity, by enhanced social accountability and reflexivity, and by new forms of quality control. The thrust of the new mode of knowledge production is to call into question conventional notions of knowledge transfer and focuses instead on the organisational and managerial implications of the emergence of a socially distributed knowledge production system. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the policy implications of the emergence of the new mode of production. Needed in the new mode are science and technology policies which promote institutional permeability and policies which enable governments, acting through their civil service to act as brokers in the new knowledge production process. Such brokerage is necessary to enhance permeability between institutions within a particular country but also to increase co-operation and collaboration between institutions across countries.     

Exact and approximate D-optimal designs in polynomial regression

If the sample sizen is large enough, then the exact polynomial regression designs obtained by rounding the weights of the approximate D-optimal design to integral multiples of 1/n are D-optimal. This was shown by alaevskiî (1966) and Gaffke (1987). In this note, an efficient algorithm to determine the minimum sample sizen _d for a polynomial model of degreed is derived from a condition given by Huang (1987). Under an additional assumption we show that the conditions of Gaffke and Huang are equivalent; we verify the additional assumption for polynomial degreed40.     

乡村振兴战略背景下农业保险发展对策研究——以四川省为例

乡村振兴战略的有效实施离不开金融体系的有力支持,农业保险作为金融支农重要工具在乡村振兴战略实施过程中发挥着重要作用。本文以四川省农业保险发展为研究案例,结合全国农业保险发展概况,点面结合深入分析了农业保险服务乡村振兴的内在逻辑、现状与问题,从乡村振兴依靠主体--老人农业与新型农业经营主体对风险的异质性需求角度出发,论述了农险服务乡村振兴的主要任务。本文认为,现阶段农业保险服务乡村振兴还存在顶层设计不合理、供需错配、目标定位不清导致中长期规划滞后、创新激励不足等结构性问题。基于此,本文提出从中央、省级政府以及保险公司三方出发,采取农险供给侧改革、优化顶层设计、加强农险宣传,提升农户保险意识、探索互助农险合作模式、充分运用互联网高新技术提高风险管控能力等政策建议。     

税务征收体制下的社会保险费征管制度建设研究

我国社会保险费征管体制改革正在不断深入。当前,社会保险费征管仍存在制度设计有待完善、法律依据不够清晰的问题。本文基于税收征管视角,对社会保险费征管制度进行了重新审视,在全面梳理了制约社会保险费征管制度完善的限制性因素的基础上,从科学设置社会保险费征管前置程序、全面构建社会保险费征管的保障程序等多个方面,对将社会保险费征管融入税收征管流程的可行性进行了分析和探讨,以期为我国社会保险费征管制度的完善提供参考。     

开放经济条件下中国货币政策的内在矛盾

货币政策是由货币数量政策和货币价格政策组成的一个系统,对资源配置起重要作用的是一个国家的货币价格政策.而中国货币政策的内在矛盾则表现为汇率政策与货币数量政策和利率政策的矛盾,以及汇率政策与利率政策的不协调.     

逆向选择与信用配给:中小企业融资难根源分析

文章通过中美中小企业融资的渠道和结构对比,分析中国中小企业融资困难的原因,并进一步通过两个模型解释资金借贷市场上的逆向选择问题和银行被迫采用的信用配给制度.文章最后提出了解决中小企业融资困难的一些建议.     

论以完善的财政政策促进区域经济发展

区域经济是国家宏观经济的重要组成部分,在我国已形成了东、中、西部三大经济区域,在东部沿海又形成了珠三角、长三角和京津唐三个经济区,但在其发展过程中出现了一些违反国家财政政策的情况.本文从现行状况入手,对存在的财政问题进行了剖析,提出了若干可行的解决建议.