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91.
Kenneth J. Arrow Partha Dasgupta Karl-Göran Mäler 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,26(4):647-685
We are interested in three related questions:(1) How should accounting prices be estimated?(2) How should we evaluate policy change in animperfect economy? (3) How can we check whetherintergenerational well-being will be sustainedalong a projected economic programme? We do notpresume that the economy is convex, nor do weassume that the government optimizes on behalfof its citizens. We show that the same set ofaccounting prices should be used both forpolicy evaluation and for assessing whether ornot intergenerational welfare along a giveneconomic path will be sustained. We also showthat a comprehensive measure of wealth,computed in terms of the accounting prices, canbe used as an index for problems (2) and (3)above. The remainder of the paper is concernedwith rules for estimating the accounting pricesof several specific environmental naturalresources, transacted in a few well knowneconomic institutions. 相似文献
92.
生态学有逐渐与经济学相渗透、相融合的趋势,从而扩展了经济学的研究边界。本文从生态学的视角对信用加以研究,首先介绍了信用生态的理论内涵,其次研究了良好的社会信用生态环境的评价标准,最后对构建和谐的社会信用生态链提出了具体的对策措施。 相似文献
93.
基于生态学的思考,小城镇新区规划设计应树立五个新理念:深化人本思想、突出文化内涵、注重景观设计、树立超前意识、发扬务实精神。新理念在实践过程中体现在:营造人性化的小城镇新区、塑造地方性的小城镇特色、打造园林式的小城镇景观、构造灵活性的小城镇格局、绘就实用性的小城镇蓝图。 相似文献
94.
95.
世界正发生着从"旧全球化时代"向"新全球化时代"的重大转变.伴随这一时代转折,建立在传统工业文明基础上的经济学正面临着研究范式的挑战,因为它已经不能适应以高科技为先导,以科技成果的商品化、产业化、国际化为特征的新时代所遇到的各种复杂问题.其研究范式急需进行整合与超越,交往实践观为其提供了新的视域和新的理论范式. 相似文献
96.
关于我国财政政策导向调整的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来我国实施的积极财政政策确实在很大程度上促进了经济和社会的发展。但是随着经济市场化程度的不断提高和经济环境的变化,这种积极财政政策也表现出诸多的不适应性。因此应适时调整财政政策导向以适应经济和社会发展的新要求。拟从我国近年来实施的积极财政政策的成效分析出发,阐述了当前调整财政政策导向的必然性,并提出了今后我国财政政策的调整方向。 相似文献
97.
缺乏明确的法律规定、不同制度模式之间难以互通互联及其自身的缺陷,是制约进城农民工参加社会保障的重要制度性因素;性别、城市工作年限、是否签订劳动合同、工资收入、所在城市等则是影响进城农民工参加社会保障的非制度性因素。从制度创新和强化执法等方面提出了政策建议。 相似文献
98.
高尔夫球场扩增的环境生态效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来.国内修建高尔夫球场有愈演愈烈之势.这与我国的国情不符。本文从高尔夫球场的群落生态学特征出发.对高尔夫球场在土地资源、水资源、环境污染、生物多样性破坏、城镇生态系统稳定性及生态承载力等六个方面的影响进行论述,分析了高尔夫球场扩增的环境生态效应.在此基础上提出了相应的减负对策。 相似文献
99.
Patricia E. Perkins 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2007,9(3):227-244
Synopsis New developments in feminist ecological economics and ecofeminist economics are contributing to the search for theories and
policy approaches to move economies toward sustainability. This paper summarizes work by ecofeminists and feminist ecological
economists which is relevant to the sustainability challenge and its implications for the discipline of economics. Both democracy
and lower material throughputs are generally seen as basic principles of economic sustainability. Feminist theorists and feminist
ecological economists offer many important insights into the conundrum of how to make a democratic and equity-enhancing transition
to an economy based on less material throughput. These flow from feminist research on unpaid work and caring labor, provisioning,
development, valuation, social reproduction, non-monetized exchange relationships, local economies, redistribution, citizenship,
equity-enhancing political institutions, and labor time, as well as creative modeling approaches and activism-based theorizing.
相似文献
100.
Peter A. Corning 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2000,2(1):41-86
The groundzero premise (so to speak) of the biological sciences is that survival and reproduction is the basic, continuing, inescapable problem for all living organisms; life is at bottom a survival enterprise. It follows that survival is the paradigmatic problem for human societies as well; it is a prerequisite for any other, more exalted objectives. Although the term adaptation is also familiar to social scientists, until recently it has been used only selectively, and often very imprecisely. Here a more rigorous and systematic approach to the concept of adaptation is proposed in terms of basic needs. The concept of basic human needs has a venerable history – tracing back at least to Plato and Aristotle. Yet the development of a formal theory of basic needs has lagged far behind. The reason is that the concept of objective, measurable needs is inconsistent with the theoretical assumptions that have dominated economic and social theory for most of this century, namely, valuerelativism and cultural determinism. Nevertheless, there have been a number of efforts over the past 30 years to develop more universalistic criteria for basic needs, both for use in monitoring social wellbeing (social indicators) and for public policy formulation. Here I will advance a strictly biological approach to perationalizing the concept of basic needs. It is argued that much of our economic and social life (and the motivations behind our revealed preferences and subjective utility assessments), not to mention the actions of modern governments, are either directly or indirectly related to the meeting of our basic survival needs. Furthermore, these needs can be specified to a first approximation and supported empirically to varying degrees, with the obvious caveat that there are major individual and contextual variations in their application. Equally important, complex human societies generate an array of instrumental needs which, as the term implies, serve as intermediaries between our primary needs and the specific economic, cultural and political contexts within which these needs must be satisfied. An explicit framework of Survival Indicators, including a profile of Personal Fitness and an aggregate index of Population Fitness, is briefly elucidated. Finally, it is suggested that a basic needs paradigm could provide an analytical tool (a biologic) for examining more closely the relationship between our social, economic and political behaviors and institutions and their survival consequences, as well as providing a predictive tool of some value. 相似文献