Perfection on the Law of China on Protection Consumers＇ Rights and Interests

随着市场经济的快速发展，随着社会经济的发展和人民收入水平的不断提高，消费需求日益增长，交易形式不断更新、变化，消费者权益的法律保护也应进行与时俱进的探索与完善。本文首先阐述了我国消费者权益保护的现状，指出现行消费者权益保护法存在的不足，并提出完善我国消费者权益保护法的建议。     

Getting the Smaller Picture: Small‐Area Analysis of Public Expenditure Incidence and Deprivation in Three English Cities

This paper examines public expenditure incidence at small‐area level in cities. The motivations for such research are briefly reviewed. The article reports on an attempt at measuring public expenditure across the majority of programmes down to the level of Census wards and the actual results obtained for three urban local authorities in England. The relationship between spending, income and deprivation is examined overall and for particular spending programmes, using a number of approaches including regression‐based expenditure models. The conclusions suggest that spending is indeed targetted on poorer areas but raise questions about both the strength of this relationship and how best to measure deprivation and the need to spend.     

Social Position and Behaviour: A Formalization

Modern society has witnessed anever-increasing development in the social sciences;partly due to changes in mentality, and partly due tothe growing requirements of the economic and political world – requirements which frequently takeon the guise of necessity, as for instance in thecases of market research and electoral opinion polls.Such development has produced an increasing paralleldemand for mathematical accuracy and exactitude inthese fields.The intention here is to rationalize the basic logicand methodology of the sociological procedure; anintention, it is hoped, which could be influential inimproving practical sociological work by rendering itmore comprehensible. This requires the employment offairly sophisticated mathematical and statisticalnotions.Section 1 outlines the definitions considered essential for the rationalization of the basiclogic framework previously described.Section 2 discusses the general concept of statisticalvariance. Section 3 introduces the notion of ``heterogeneity'and offers several propositions linked to this concept.Section 5 revolves around the notion of ``inaccuracy'.Section 6 presents a theorem relating to theimmersion of metric spaces in Banach spaces, andshows how the theorem can be used to constructtheoretically satisfactory immersion algorithms.Section 7 together with the material, which ispreviously introduced in Section 4, outlines thecluster analysis and the principal components methodologies.     

开展大学生社会实践活动的实践与思考

大学生社会实践内容丰富、形式多样,做法可概括为认真研究、明确主题;慎重选点、精心选员;群策群力、认真动员;加强指导、注重实效;认真总结、巩固成果。社会实践必须同学校教育改革相结合,同大学生成才要求相结合;同社会的需要相结合,使其持续、健康、有效地进行。     

人文学的毗邻大类

人文学不是通常意义上的一级学科，而是笼罩众多人文一级学科的学科大场合。要找人文学的左邻右舍，可以举出自然学、科学学和社会学三大门类。它们是好邻居。在人文学与自然学之间，科学学的科连科接，让文明成就非凡；社会学的经世致用，给世界许多关切。在人文学与科学学之间，自然学的泰然而然，使世界永远有其深远；社会学的励精图治，为使天下常有祥和的炊烟。在人文学与社会学之间，自然学的避熟避俗，提供了许多足令人文社科资始资生的前提性资源。用某一个笼统的学科涵摄一切失之芜杂，而日见繁琐的学科分裂又积重难返。揭示人文学、自然学、社会学和科学学相分相连的联系，关照的是当今世界文教发展的一种知其通而统其类的必然。     

How better targeting of social spending affects social delivery in South Africa

Social spending has become a major tool of targeting resources to South Africa's poor. The poor now get considerably more than their population share of social spending, but the underlying distribution of income is so skewed that overall post-fiscal inequality has not improved much. Concentration ratios and curves show considerable shifts in social spending incidence in the period 1995 to 2006. However, the efficiency of that spending is low, resulting in limited social outcomes and consequently also limited gains to the poor from better targeting. This paper therefore calls for the South African policy discussion to shift to why the ever-increasing fiscal inputs and improved targeting of those inputs have not produced the desired social outcomes.     

社会冲突事件中的群体心理分析

社会群体心理与社会冲突的规模、烈度及其演变等存在着紧密的关联性。实证调研显示,社会冲突中存在着盲目从众心理、包容理解心理、借机宣泄心理、造势心理、认同心理等,同时社会冲突中群体心理存在着复杂性、矛盾性、非理性和传染性等特征。社会冲突的群体心理虽然矛盾而非理性,但其发生也有一定的规律可循。群体心理经由暗示、感染与模仿三个连续性环节固有的一般机理、公权正义的认同现状与群体心理的关联互动、社会舆论与群体心理的交相辉映等都反映出社会冲突群体心理发生、演变的一般规律。     

再论公司社会责任

公司社会责任理论被我国公司法学界和经济学界广为倡导，并且为2005年《公司》第5条明文确认。公司承担社会责任确实有利于推动社会文明的进步，然而这是否就意味公司应当承担法律上的社会责任？公司社会责任入法化对公司和社会究竟是福还是祸？追问公司社会责任的本质，并引导公司社会责任回归其本源的路径，正是本文宗旨所在。     

国际投资保护主义的历史演进、特点及应对策略研究

近年来,中国跨国公司的全球化进程不断加快,海外并购和绿地新建的规模和速度不断提升,但与此同时,并购受阻、整合失败的案例不绝于耳,中国企业在"走出去"的过程中遇到很多障碍和壁垒,受到很多歧视。为此,回顾了二战后国际投资保护主义的演进历史,并对其特点进行分析梳理,总结归纳出应对国际投资保护主义的对策建议。