Food Industry Firms' Economic Incentives to Provide Nutritional Information to the Market: European Breakfast Cereals,Snacks, and Soft Drinks Industries

Information asymmetries between producers and consumers exist with respect to nutritional characteristics of foods and beverages. This article aims to analyze firms' methods to supply nutritional information, focusing on 3 specific food industries: breakfast cereals, snacks, and soft drinks. A theoretical model is developed and tested empirically on European firm-level data obtained from company websites. Firms' incentives to provide nutritional information are positively related to their products' healthfulness, to firm size, and to firms' degree of international orientation. These insights may have important implications for the design of regulations to increase efficiency in the supply of nutritional information to consumers.     

语言文字发展与湖南省社会文化建设

十七届六中全会审议通过的《决定》指明了语言文字事业在社会主义文化建设中的战略地位和基础作用。认清语言文字发展现状,理清语言文字发展与文化建设的关系,发挥语言文字的文化建设功能,对于湖南省社会文化建设具有重要的实践意义。     

Liberty,equality, and impossibility: some general results in the space of ‘soft’ preferences

This paper is concerned with examining the mutual compatibility of the ethical principles of equity and liberty in a social choice framework of ordinally formulated vague preferences. With sufficiently weakened versions of the liberty and equity principles, one can secure an existence result in a ‘relation‐functional’ setting. However, difficulties tend to re‐appear in a ‘choice‐functional’ setting, when one subscribes to the notion that while preference may be vague, choice must perforce be exact.     

房地产业链纵向双轨与房地产价格分析

本文分析了近年来我国土地市场乱象和长期高速持续的房价上涨原因,并提出了政策建议:短期着重于抑制投机需求,中长期的政策则应逐渐减缓产业链上下游的市场垄断力量,消除产业链上下游双轨制,从根本上改善商品住房供需失衡矛盾。     

不完全信息、外部约束与保险监管策略

保险市场普遍存在的信息不完全现象,不仅仅体现在保险公司和投保人之间,也体现在监管机构和保险公司之间,这个问题对保险监管的有效性具有很大影响;受各种因素的影响,监管机构的行为不一定严格遵循监管原则,从而会进一步造成监管效率的损失。要解决这个问题,研究证明,加强对保险监管机构的外部约束是一个可行的策略,通过对监管机构建立完备的激励约束机制,可以提高保险监管的有效性,这对我国保险监管的改革和创新也具有较强的现实意义。     

基于事件驱动的证券市场波动生成机制分析

文章通过对事件驱动下的股票价格走势分析发现,事件对股票价格的波动率影响与该事件的作用强度、影响幅度和作用时间有关;为定量描述上述规律,首先构建了股票价格走势曲线的S-曲线模型,从数值模拟结果来看,S-曲线符合事件驱动股票价格波动的规律。然后基于多事件共同驱动的观点,提出S-曲线叠加模型,在有限市场资金约束条件下,通过分析发现事件驱动下的股票价格波动曲线由S-曲线转变成具有最值的单峰曲线;基于市场整体走势,给出了大盘指数影响下股票价格波动同向与异向变化的规律;最后,基于事件驱动机制,提出了"矩形窗口"的交易策略。     

The effect of monetary policy on output in EMU3: A sign restriction approach

This paper examines the effects of monetary policy shocks on output in the three largest euro area economies – Germany, France and Italy (EMU3) – by applying a new VAR identification procedure. The results show that monetary policy innovations are at their most potent in Germany. However, apart from Germany, it remains ambiguous as to whether a rise in interest rates concludes with a fall in output, showing a lack of homogeneity in the responses. Homogeneity in response to a monetary shock is crucial in a one-size-fits-all framework. Nonetheless, the lack of similarity between the responses, which is hypothesised to cause de-synchronised business cycles in optimal currency area literature, is often based on the premise that monetary policy itself is a major source of business cycle fluctuations. This paper concludes that monetary policy innovations play, at most, a modest role in generating fluctuations in output for the EMU3. Consequently, it is less important whether the effects of monetary policy are homogenous.     

国有企业预算约束硬化与财政分权

软预算约束导致国有企业低效率。在向市场经济转轨的过程中,国有企业软预算约束问题仍然存在。硬化国有企业预算约束是改革的一项重要内容。在要素自由流动的条件下,从中央向地方的财政分权引起地方政府之间的竞争;竞争提高了对亏损国有企业进行救助的机会成本,从而有助于硬化国有企业的预算约束。     

高科技上市公司投资和内部融资敏感性研究

高新技术产业在国民经济发展中的作用越来越明显,但融资困难问题已成为约束高新技术企业发展的瓶颈。我国高科技上市公司投资—现金流敏感系数显著为正,不确定性对投资具有显著的负的影响。以现金红利、股权性质作为融资约束的标准时,融资约束和投资—现金敏感性同向变动。我国高科技上市公司投资—现金流敏感系数主要源于自由现金流理论下的投资过度。     

上市公司激励约束机制最优边界研究

上市公司高管合谋是一个世界性的问题,本文通过对我国534家上市公司的实证分析,认为激励约束机制的失衡是造成我国上市公司合谋的重要原因。因此,必须加强上市公司的激励约束均衡机制建设,从理论上找到激励约束机制的最优边界。