COOPERATIVE ESSENCE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL QUALITY: A COMPARATIVE CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

This article links two different fields of research, entrepreneurship and cooperatives, and studies whether, depending on the context, differences in terms of the fulfilment of the cooperative philosophy (cooperative essence) and entrepreneurial quality exist. To this aim, a statistical analysis is carried out using data from two Spanish regions: Andalusia and the Basque Country. The results enable us to conclude, firstly, that cooperative essence differs in relation to regional context, but not in relation to entrepreneurial quality. Secondly, cooperative essence and entrepreneurial quality are positively related, suggesting that cooperative essence may be part of the entrepreneurial quality of these kinds of firms.     

The notion of culture in foreign language education

In foreign language education,we adopt the definition often used by cultural-anthropologist,that is,culture is the entire living style of a certain group of people. It includes customs and the worldview hidden behind it.     

天安门精神是中华民族伟大复兴的原动力

经过近现代历史练狱的天安门,凝聚有浓烈的批判精神,体现着强烈的时代精神,散发出醇烈的公共精神。天安门精神是中华民族伟大复兴的原动力。     

企业本质与战略

企业是交易费用节约的产物,是科技产业化的制度产物,是人类文化积累的结晶。企业的发展包括提供产品、提供品牌、提供文化和提供战略等四个阶段。企业必须在面对饱和市场、优势市场、劣势市场和潜在市场等不同的市场时采取不同的策略,这是企业的致胜之道。     

精神利益初探

精神利益是在一定社会关系中精神客体满足人的精神需要。它具有隐蔽性与渗透性、共享性与增值性、发展性与超越性、持久性与传承性等特性。精神利益的实现有助于协调利益关系,促进社会的和谐发展;对促进经济发展具有推动力量;有助于增强主体内驱力,发挥人的潜能。满足精神利益的现实路径应是发展生产力,积极促进精神生产,引导人们追求合理而健康的精神利益。     

Putting American Pragmatism to Work in the Classroom

The pragmatic inquiry process used in the Corporantes Pathfinder Notebook (CPN) enables students and others to discern their gifts, find purpose and direction in their lives, and seek a FIT between their values and various corporate cultures before making extensive commitments in their field of studies and their employment. Based on Peirce's theory of Pragmatism the CPN fosters investigation, interpretation, and action resulting from reflected narratives written in response to a series of questions in the CPN. The CPN was used successfully as a framework in a Business Ethics course for connecting career decisions to their personal lives. Other pedagogic activities were used such as case studies, role playing, service learning, team projects investigating ethical climates of corporations, as well as Socratic questioning and discussions of moral dilemmas to develop ethical sensitivity and understanding of ethical challenges and decisions. The CPN also has been used successfully by senior executives in over fifty applications.     

海德格尔的纳粹问题——事实与思想

本文依据各种材料,比如有关的海德格尔传记、文章、回忆录、海德格尔本人的著作、通信、和在此问题上的自我辩护等等,就事实与思想两个方面探讨海德格尔与纳粹的关系。关于事实的部分首先概述了海德格尔对此问题的解释,然后给出了不同意这种解释的人们所找到的最重要的一些相关事实。从中可以看出,海德格尔涉入纳粹运动的动机与程度比人们以前所知者更深,但并没有确凿证据证明他有反犹太的种族主义倾向。关于思想的部分在研究海德格尔1933年校长就职演说(“德国大学的自我主张”)的思想来源的基础上,将他的思想与纳粹意识形态做了对比。这些来源中最重要者是他的解释学化的现象学思路和表达方式,以及恩斯特·荣格尔表达于“总动员”和《工作者》之中的观点。在“德国大学的自我主张”中,他用“对于(当场显示)本性的意愿”代替了尼采和荣格尔的“对于力量的意愿”,阐释了这本性“站立在风暴之中”,就在不屈不挠的“发问”中达到实际生活经验本身的“形式—境域显示”,并因此而“保持住了人民的土与血元气的力量”的特点。这种纯构成化的思路与纳粹的现成化了的反现代主义貌合神离。因此,海德格尔在较短时间内看出了纳粹运动不可改变的技术化本质,并在关于尼采的讲课中批判之。 总之,海德格尔绝不是偶然地     

The summer of the Spirits: Spiritual tourism to America’s foremost village of spirit mediums

The historic Spiritualist village of Lily Dale, New York, is a popular summer tourist destination in America, attracting approximately 20,000 visitors per year. This research argues that many of these visitors are “spiritual seekers”. Spiritual seeking is an important movement in the west. To date, however, there has been insufficient attention paid to the specific places in which this spiritual questing is undertaken. This research uses the concept of spiritual tourism to understand the summer journey to this part of America. Drawing on a range of ethnographic data, it finds that affective destinations play an irreducible part of many people's spiritual lives; it may only be through travel to dedicated places that seekers’ aspirations can be fully realized.     

游戏:旅游活动中的另一个精神“中心”——基于赫伊津哈游戏理论的探讨

文章在科恩提出的旅游活动精神中心理论的基础上,运用赫伊津哈的游戏理论对旅游中的游戏活动进行分析,发现不仅游戏意义隽永,而且旅游者在参与游戏的过程中同样能够体验到远方中心体验中的类过渡状态,因而游戏构成了旅游活动中的另一个精神中心。依据旅游者对三大精神中心的依附情况,文章将旅游体验模式分为转移模式、嬉戏模式、游戏模式和体验模式(包括实验模式和存在模式)。即使是在以大自然为对象的旅游活动中,旅游者只要参与了任何形式的游戏项目,就可以获得诸如神圣、荣誉、美德、审美、人际、怀旧等方面的精神意义。相对于文化的根植性而言,游戏具有普适性和较强的可移植性,这为游戏类旅游吸引物的开发与推广提供了新的理论基础。