Influence of economic crisis on new SME survival: reality or fiction?

The aim of this research was to analyse the survival of new ventures during periods of economic crisis. The article compares survival probability during growth and crisis periods. An empirical study was used to analyse new venture survival probability. Results show that new firms have a greater likelihood of surviving during crisis periods than they do during growth periods. An additional aim of the study was to analyse the survival probability of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs during crisis periods. Results show that gaps in survival likelihood between opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship are bigger during times of crisis than they are during growth periods.     

Inter‐Organizational Cooperation Challenging Hierarchical Accountability: The Dominated Actors in a Municipal Joint Venture

New public management offers a number of solutions to the kinds of problems that public sector organizations experience. In taking an accountability perspective, this paper elaborates on how two of these – strict responsibility for performance, and inter‐organizational cooperation – may conflict. The setting for this study is a joint venture with a dominant municipality and six dominated municipalities as owners. The article examines how horizontal accountability processes may influence the dominated owners’ hierarchical accountability. The ability to account hierarchically for the quality of service within budgetary parameters is problematized, when dominated owners may dismantle their ability to demand horizontal accountability.     

JOINT VENTURES, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

We examine the impact of emission taxes on the pollution level in a duopoly framework with endogenous market structure. We demonstrate that an increase in emission taxes could trigger a regime switch from joint ventures to Cournot competition, causing the pollution level to increase. Such a phenomenon is likely to happen when the concerned industry is reasonably profitable, and the synergistic gain between joint venture partners is not too strong. Moreover, emission taxes can implement the first best outcome if and only if the industry is not too polluting. In case it is, the second best level of taxes may or may not equal the optimal tax under either joint venture or Cournot competition.     

合资公司控制和学习的关系研究

现有文献在重视合资公司中控制对学习绩效产生影响的同时,却忽视了学习对控制的反作用机制。本文贡献了该领域的文献。本文认为,(1)只有在学习类型和控制方式匹配的条件下,才有助于学习绩效的提高;(2)对合资伙伴的学习将降低伙伴企业强调正式控制的可能性;(3)如果一方的学习使另一方察觉到议价力转移,越有可能强调正式控制;(4)一方的学习导致越来越依赖另一方完成合资公司任务,学习方越有可能要求社会控制。本文最后在结论基础上提出了若干建议。     

论环境对人才流动的影响

环境是影响人才流动的主要因素。创业环境、工作环境、科研环境和生活环境都不同程度地影响人才的流动。改善人才的环境有利于稳定和吸引优秀人才,提升国家和企业的竞争力。     

IJV Partner Trustworthy Behaviour: The Role of Host Country Governance and Partner Selection Criteria

This study provides new insight into the interplay between partner‐ and institution‐level bases of trustworthy behaviour in international joint ventures (IJVs). The results of the study, based on survey and archival data collected on 144 IJVs across six Asian countries, revealed that host country governance quality directly and positively influences IJV partner trustworthy behaviour. It was also found that weak host country governance undermined the effectiveness of certain partner selection criteria in serving as a tool for establishing an IJV with a trustworthy partner. Furthermore, through distinguishing between two dimensions of trustworthiness (benevolence and competence), it was demonstrated that partner benevolence is facilitated by relationship‐oriented criteria, whereas partner competence is facilitated by task‐oriented criteria. The implications of these results for the establishment and management of IJVs are discussed.     

商业关系网络对新创企业绩效影响的实证研究——创业学习的调节效应

从创业者个体的角度基于社会资源理论与创业理论，构建商业关系网络、创业学习与新创企业绩效的理论模型，并以珠三角178家新创企业数据进行实证检验，通过软件SPSS16.0与LISREL8.7测算，结果显示：①商业关系网络正向影响新创企业绩效的财务绩效与成长绩效；②创业学习的认知学习正向影响财务绩效与成长绩效，创业学习的经验学习正向影响财务绩效，负向影响成长绩效；③认知学习正向调节商业关系网络同财务绩效、成长绩效之间的关系，经验学习正向调节商业关系网络同财务绩效的关系但负向调节商业关系网络同成长绩效之间的关系。